Amoebiasis and Its Symptoms
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with amoebiasis?

  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Nausea (correct)
  • High temperature fever
  • Abdominal pain

    • Entamoeba histolytica reproduces through sexual reproduction.

    False

    What is the primary method of transmission for amoebiasis?

    Drinking contaminated water.

    Cells that contain a true nucleus are referred to as ______ cells.

    <p>eukaryotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists with their contributions to cell theory:

    <p>Matthias Schleiden = Plants are made of cells Theodor Schwann = Animals are made of cells Rudolph Virchow = Cells come from pre-existing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell lacks a true nucleus?

    <p>Prokaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Robert Hooke was the first to discover the nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of pancreatic beta cells?

    <p>Produce insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells is known to be the smallest?

    <p>Mycoplasma gallicepticum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Egg cells are the smallest cells found in humans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>To synthesize proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is known as the 'brain' of the cell.

    <p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell organelles with their primary functions:

    <p>Nucleus = Contains genetic material and regulates cell activities Ribosomes = Synthesize proteins Smooth ER = Synthesize lipids Cell membrane = Acts as a boundary for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of endoplasmic reticulum is lined with ribosomes?

    <p>Rough ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell wall is found in both plant and animal cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is where rRNA and proteins join to create ribosomal subunits.

    <p>nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chloroplasts are involved in the process of cellular respiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Camillo Golgi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___________ are small sack-like structures that contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes.

    <p>lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures with their functions:

    <p>Mitochondria = Cellular energy production Chloroplast = Photosynthesis Lysosomes = Digestion of waste Golgi Apparatus = Protein modification and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component absorbs sunlight in chloroplasts?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Golgi apparatus contains enzymes that break down worn-out organelles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for cellular respiration?

    <p>$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \longrightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Amoebiasis

    • Caused by the single-celled parasite Entamoeba histolytica, affecting the intestines.

    Symptoms of Amoebiasis

    • Abdominal pain
    • Diarrhea and excess gas
    • Rectal pain during bowel movement
    • Fatigue and unintentional weight loss

    Transmission of Amoebiasis

    • Contaminated drinking water and food prepared with such water
    • Poor hand hygiene
    • Sexual transmission, particularly among men who have sex with men

    Treatment for Amoebiasis

    • Antiparasitic medications to eliminate Entamoeba histolytica
    • Hydration to prevent dehydration from diarrhea

    Characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica

    • Single-celled parasite that reproduces asexually through binary fission
    • Lives in the intestines and can survive in contaminated soil, fertilizers, or water for extended periods

    Effects of Entamoeba histolytica

    • Causes inflammation of intestinal linings; symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea
    • Can invade the bloodstream, affecting the liver, leading to symptoms like jaundice and liver enlargement

    Cell Theory

    • All organisms consist of cells; cells are the basic unit of life
    • Cells arise from pre-existing cells, with hereditary information passed through divisions
    • Cells share similar chemical compositions, and energy flows within them

    Founders of Cell Theory

    • Matthias Schleiden: Botanist who asserted that all plants are composed of cells
    • Theodor Schwann: Zoologist who concluded all animals consist of cells
    • Rudolph Virchow: Proposed that cells arise from pre-existing cells

    Types of Cells

    • Prokaryotic Cells: Lack a true nucleus, have a nucleoid with a single chromosome
    • Eukaryotic Cells: Contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

    Various Human Cell Types

    • Pancreatic cells (alpha, beta, delta, PP cells)
    • Heart, blood, lung, egg, bone, kidney, muscle, brain, and liver cells

    Robert Hooke

    • First to observe cells, coined the term "cell" due to their resemblance to monk's quarters

    Cell Size and Shape

    • Smallest known cell is Mycoplasma gallicepticum (0.0001 mm)
    • Human cells range from red blood cells (0.00076 mm) to larger liver cells (0.0076 mm)

    Cell Organelles

    • Unique features for plant and animal cells:
      • Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts
      • Animal cells possess a plasma membrane, cilia, and flagella

    Main Parts of the Cell

    • Cell Membrane: Living boundary separating cell contents from surroundings
    • Nucleus: Contains DNA and acts as the "brain" of the cell, regulating activities
    • Cytoplasm: Site for most cellular activities, housing organelles

    Organelles

    • Plasma Membrane: Composed of a phospholipid bilayer
    • Nucleus: Contains nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin
    • Ribosomes: Protein synthesis sites, found individually or in clusters (polyribosomes)
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transport system within the cell, subdivided into:
      • Rough ER: Ribosome-studded, synthesizes proteins
      • Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids

    Additional Organelles

    • Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages proteins; involved in lysosome formation
    • Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for digesting worn-out organelles and food
    • Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the cell for energy production via cellular respiration
    • Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells, converts solar energy into carbohydrates

    Organelle Functionality

    • Mitochondria: Convert glucose and oxygen into ATP through cellular respiration
    • Chloroplasts: Perform photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy

    Organelles' Structural Features

    • Mitochondria and chloroplasts have complex internal structures (matrix, cristae, stroma, and thylakoids) that enhance their functions in energy conversion.

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    Description

    Explore the intestinal illness amoebiasis, caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This quiz covers its symptoms, transmission methods, and preventive measures. Test your knowledge on this significant health issue.

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