Questions and Answers
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with amoebiasis?
Entamoeba histolytica reproduces through sexual reproduction.
False
What is the primary method of transmission for amoebiasis?
Drinking contaminated water.
Cells that contain a true nucleus are referred to as ______ cells.
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Match the following scientists with their contributions to cell theory:
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What type of cell lacks a true nucleus?
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Robert Hooke was the first to discover the nucleus.
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What is the primary role of pancreatic beta cells?
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Which of the following cells is known to be the smallest?
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Egg cells are the smallest cells found in humans.
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What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
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The _____ is known as the 'brain' of the cell.
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Match the following cell organelles with their primary functions:
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What type of endoplasmic reticulum is lined with ribosomes?
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The cell wall is found in both plant and animal cells.
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The _____ is where rRNA and proteins join to create ribosomal subunits.
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What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
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Chloroplasts are involved in the process of cellular respiration.
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Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?
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The ___________ are small sack-like structures that contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes.
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Match the following structures with their functions:
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What component absorbs sunlight in chloroplasts?
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The Golgi apparatus contains enzymes that break down worn-out organelles.
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What is the equation for cellular respiration?
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Study Notes
Amoebiasis
- Caused by the single-celled parasite Entamoeba histolytica, affecting the intestines.
Symptoms of Amoebiasis
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea and excess gas
- Rectal pain during bowel movement
- Fatigue and unintentional weight loss
Transmission of Amoebiasis
- Contaminated drinking water and food prepared with such water
- Poor hand hygiene
- Sexual transmission, particularly among men who have sex with men
Treatment for Amoebiasis
- Antiparasitic medications to eliminate Entamoeba histolytica
- Hydration to prevent dehydration from diarrhea
Characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica
- Single-celled parasite that reproduces asexually through binary fission
- Lives in the intestines and can survive in contaminated soil, fertilizers, or water for extended periods
Effects of Entamoeba histolytica
- Causes inflammation of intestinal linings; symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea
- Can invade the bloodstream, affecting the liver, leading to symptoms like jaundice and liver enlargement
Cell Theory
- All organisms consist of cells; cells are the basic unit of life
- Cells arise from pre-existing cells, with hereditary information passed through divisions
- Cells share similar chemical compositions, and energy flows within them
Founders of Cell Theory
- Matthias Schleiden: Botanist who asserted that all plants are composed of cells
- Theodor Schwann: Zoologist who concluded all animals consist of cells
- Rudolph Virchow: Proposed that cells arise from pre-existing cells
Types of Cells
- Prokaryotic Cells: Lack a true nucleus, have a nucleoid with a single chromosome
- Eukaryotic Cells: Contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Various Human Cell Types
- Pancreatic cells (alpha, beta, delta, PP cells)
- Heart, blood, lung, egg, bone, kidney, muscle, brain, and liver cells
Robert Hooke
- First to observe cells, coined the term "cell" due to their resemblance to monk's quarters
Cell Size and Shape
- Smallest known cell is Mycoplasma gallicepticum (0.0001 mm)
- Human cells range from red blood cells (0.00076 mm) to larger liver cells (0.0076 mm)
Cell Organelles
- Unique features for plant and animal cells:
- Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts
- Animal cells possess a plasma membrane, cilia, and flagella
Main Parts of the Cell
- Cell Membrane: Living boundary separating cell contents from surroundings
- Nucleus: Contains DNA and acts as the "brain" of the cell, regulating activities
- Cytoplasm: Site for most cellular activities, housing organelles
Organelles
- Plasma Membrane: Composed of a phospholipid bilayer
- Nucleus: Contains nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin
- Ribosomes: Protein synthesis sites, found individually or in clusters (polyribosomes)
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transport system within the cell, subdivided into:
- Rough ER: Ribosome-studded, synthesizes proteins
- Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids
Additional Organelles
- Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages proteins; involved in lysosome formation
- Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for digesting worn-out organelles and food
- Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the cell for energy production via cellular respiration
- Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells, converts solar energy into carbohydrates
Organelle Functionality
- Mitochondria: Convert glucose and oxygen into ATP through cellular respiration
- Chloroplasts: Perform photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy
Organelles' Structural Features
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts have complex internal structures (matrix, cristae, stroma, and thylakoids) that enhance their functions in energy conversion.
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Description
Explore the intestinal illness amoebiasis, caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This quiz covers its symptoms, transmission methods, and preventive measures. Test your knowledge on this significant health issue.
