Podcast
Questions and Answers
______ is the etiologic agent of amoebiasis.
______ is the etiologic agent of amoebiasis.
Entamoeba histolytica
The ______ stage of E. histolytica is considered the infective stage in the life cycle.
The ______ stage of E. histolytica is considered the infective stage in the life cycle.
cysts
Fecal-oral transmission is the most common mode of ______ of the disease.
Fecal-oral transmission is the most common mode of ______ of the disease.
transmission
Human acquire the disease by ingesting ______ cys from water, food, and hands.
Human acquire the disease by ingesting ______ cys from water, food, and hands.
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A ______ exam can be used to diagnose amoebiasis.
A ______ exam can be used to diagnose amoebiasis.
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Metronidazole (Flagyl) is used for the ______ of amoebiasis.
Metronidazole (Flagyl) is used for the ______ of amoebiasis.
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To avoid Cholera, wash hands after ______ or before eating.
To avoid Cholera, wash hands after ______ or before eating.
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Vibrio ______ is the etiologic agent of Cholera.
Vibrio ______ is the etiologic agent of Cholera.
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The period of communicability is the time the ______ test positive for the organism.
The period of communicability is the time the ______ test positive for the organism.
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One of the treatment modalities for Cholera is ______ therapy.
One of the treatment modalities for Cholera is ______ therapy.
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Rice ______ stool is a pathognomonic sign of Cholera.
Rice ______ stool is a pathognomonic sign of Cholera.
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Nursing management includes implementing ______ isolation.
Nursing management includes implementing ______ isolation.
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The pathognomonic sign of Bacillary Dysentery includes ______ cramping and bloody mucoid stool.
The pathognomonic sign of Bacillary Dysentery includes ______ cramping and bloody mucoid stool.
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The mode of transmission of Bacillary Dysentery is through the ______ - oral route.
The mode of transmission of Bacillary Dysentery is through the ______ - oral route.
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The antibiotic ______ is used to treat severe cases of Bacillary Dysentery.
The antibiotic ______ is used to treat severe cases of Bacillary Dysentery.
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The etiologic agent of typhoid fever is _______________.
The etiologic agent of typhoid fever is _______________.
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The patient with Bacillary Dysentery is recommended to eat a ______ diet.
The patient with Bacillary Dysentery is recommended to eat a ______ diet.
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Shigella ______ is the most commonly found etiologic agent of Bacillary Dysentery in the Philippines.
Shigella ______ is the most commonly found etiologic agent of Bacillary Dysentery in the Philippines.
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The mode of transmission of typhoid fever includes the ingestion of _______________ contaminated by feces or urine.
The mode of transmission of typhoid fever includes the ingestion of _______________ contaminated by feces or urine.
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The etiologic agent of hepatitis A is _______________ virus.
The etiologic agent of hepatitis A is _______________ virus.
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Bacillary Dysentery is characterized by the presence of ______ of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in peripheral blood examination.
Bacillary Dysentery is characterized by the presence of ______ of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in peripheral blood examination.
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The diagnostic test for typhoid fever is _______________ which is a confirmatory test.
The diagnostic test for typhoid fever is _______________ which is a confirmatory test.
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The prevention of typhoid fever includes _______________ handwashing and proper food and water sanitation.
The prevention of typhoid fever includes _______________ handwashing and proper food and water sanitation.
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The pathognomonic sign of typhoid fever is the presence of _______________ in the abdomen.
The pathognomonic sign of typhoid fever is the presence of _______________ in the abdomen.
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PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING is also known as ______ Tide Poisoning
PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING is also known as ______ Tide Poisoning
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The causative agent of PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING is ______ flagellates
The causative agent of PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING is ______ flagellates
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The mode of transmission of PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING is through the ______ of raw or inadequately cooked seafood
The mode of transmission of PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING is through the ______ of raw or inadequately cooked seafood
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The pathognomonic sign of PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING is ______ of the face especially around the mouth
The pathognomonic sign of PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING is ______ of the face especially around the mouth
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Drinking ______ milk weakens the toxic effect of Red Tide
Drinking ______ milk weakens the toxic effect of Red Tide
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There are more than ______ different bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are transmitted through sexual contact
There are more than ______ different bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are transmitted through sexual contact
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Study Notes
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP/Red Tide Poisoning)
- Causative agent: Dino flagellates, plankton
- Mode of transmission: Ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked seafood, usually bi-valve shellfish or mollusk, during red tide season
- Incubation period: 30 minutes to several hours after ingestion
- Pathognomonic sign: numbness of the face, especially around the mouth
- Signs and symptoms: vomiting, dizziness, headache
- Treatment: no definite medication, induce vomiting, drinking pure coconut milk weakens toxic effect, sodium bicarbonate solution
- Management: avoid eating shellfish, don't mix vinegar with shellfish, and avoid sexual contact during red tide season
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STDs)
- Predominantly transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex
- More than 30 different bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can be transmitted through sexual contact
- Eight pathogens are linked to the greatest incidence of STIs, with four being curable: syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis
Amoebic Dysentery (Amoebiasis)
- Etiologic agent: Entamoeba histolytica
- Two developmental stages: trophozoites and cysts
- Incubation period: usually one to four hours, but can be shorter
- Mode of transmission: fecal-oral transmission, human-to-human contact, and vectors such as flies, cockroaches, and rodents
- Source of infection: human excreta
- Period of communicability: during the duration of illness
- Diagnostic procedures: stool exam, blood exam, liver scan, and proctoscopy/sigmoidoscopy
- Treatment modalities: metronidazole, tetracycline, ampicillin, and fluid replacement
- Nursing management: isolation, enteric precautions, education, and emphasis on proper hygiene and sanitation
Cholera (Cholera-El Tor)
- Etiologic agent: Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio comma
- Mode of transmission: fecal-oral route, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and flies, soiled hands, and utensils
- Incubation period: from a few hours to 5 days, usually 3 days
- Period of communicability: during the time the stool test positive for the organism
- Diagnostic test: stool culture, rectal swab, and dark field or phase microscopy
- Pathognomonic sign: rice watery stool
- Treatment modalities: IVF, oral therapy, and maintenance antibiotics
- Nursing management: strict medical aseptic practices, enteric isolation, and emphasis on proper hygiene and sanitation
Bacillary Dysentery (Shigellosis)
- Etiologic agent: Shigella flesneri, Shigella Boydii, Shigella Connell, and Shigella Dysenteriae
- Mode of transmission: fecal-oral route, 5F's (finger, foods, feces, flies, and fomites)
- Incubation period: 7 hours to 7 days, average of 3 to 5 days
- Pathognomonic sign: abdominal cramping, bloody mucoid stool, and tenesmus
- Diagnostic exam: fecalysis or microscopic examination of stools, isolation of the causative organism from rectal swab or culture, and peripheral blood examination
- Treatment modalities: antibiotics, IV infusion, and bland diet
- Avoidance of milk products and anti-diarrheal drugs are contraindicated
Typhoid Fever
- Etiologic agent: Salmonella typhosa, typhoid bacillus
- Mode of transmission: ingestion of food or drink contaminated by feces or urine of contaminated person
- Source of infection: 5F's (feces, flies, food, fingers, and fomites)
- Incubation period: 5-40 days, mean 10-20 days
- Pathognomonic sign: rose spots in the abdomen due to bleeding caused by Peyer's patches
- Signs and symptoms: fever, headache, abdominal pain, fatigue, and rash
- Diagnostic test: typhi dot, confirmatory test, specimen is feces, Widal's test
- Drug of choice: chloramphenicol
- Prevention: proper handwashing, proper food and water sanitation
Hepatitis A (Epidemic Hepatitis, Catarrhal Jaundice)
- Etiology: Hepatitis A virus
- Mode of transmission: ingestion of contaminated food and water, direct contact with contaminated person
- Incubation period: 15-50 days, depending on dose, average of 21-30 days
- Pathognomonic sign: icteric sclera
- Signs and symptoms: fever, anorexia, headache, jaundice, clay-colored stool, and lymphadenopathy
- Management and treatment: prophylaxis, complete bed rest, low-fat but high-sugar diet, avoid alcohol
- Prevention and control: ensure safe water for drinking, sanitary method in preparing, handling, and serving food, proper disposal of feces and urine, and proper handwashing
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Description
Test your knowledge about the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica, the etiologic agent of amoebiasis, also known as amoebic dysentery. Learn about the two developmental stages, trophozoites and cysts, and the incubation period of this parasitic infection.
