25 Questions
What characteristic of microorganisms makes them susceptible to various environmental factors?
Their small size
Why are microorganisms like bacteria vulnerable to drugs used for treating respiratory problems?
They lack a protective outer membrane
Which factor contributes to the effectiveness of drugs in treating respiratory issues in humans?
Presence of specific drug targets in microorganisms
How does the susceptibility of microorganisms impact the development of new drugs for respiratory illnesses?
It hinders drug development due to constant mutations
Why is understanding the vulnerability of microorganisms essential for improving treatment outcomes in respiratory diseases?
To develop more targeted and effective therapies
How does increased cAMP affect the tone in bronchial smooth muscle?
Decreases the tone
What is the effect of blocking the enzyme that breaks down nucleotides?
Stabilizes mast cell membrane
Which of the following is a consequence of increased cAMP levels?
Decreased tone in bronchial smooth muscle
What happens if mast cell membrane stability is compromised?
Enhanced allergic responses
Why is it important to stabilize mast cell membranes?
To reduce allergic responses
What is the main function of the compounds that stabilize sensitized mast cells?
Inhibit the release of histamine
Which of the following is NOT a broncho-constrictor agent inhibited by compounds that stabilize sensitized mast cells?
Prostaglandins
How do compounds that stabilize sensitized mast cells affect the release of SRS-A?
Inhibit the release of SRS-A
Which of the following is a function of leukotrines in the context of broncho-constriction?
Act as slow reacting substances for anaphylaxis
What happens to the release of broncho-constrictor agents like histamine when mast cells are stabilized?
Decreases
What is the recommended route of administration for high doses of prednisolone in patients with severe exacerbation of asthma?
Oral
Which drug is used to block the parasympathetic cholinergic bronchoconstrictor effect?
Ipratropium
What is the mechanism of action of atropine-like drugs such as ipratropium in managing airway resistance?
Blocking parasympathetic cholinergic effects
Compared to sympathetic stimulant agents, how does the effect of anticholinergic drugs on airway resistance usually fare?
Less than sympathetic stimulant agents
In the context of asthma exacerbation, which drug is indicated for its anti-cholinergic effects?
Ipratropium
What is the composition of Aminophylline?
Theophylline and ethylene diamine in a 2:1 ratio
What is the primary use of Aminophylline?
Asthma and other respiratory conditions
Which compound is NOT part of Aminophylline?
Caffeine
Which ratio of the components makes up Aminophylline?
2:1
What is the chemical structure of Aminophylline?
$C_{7}H_{8}N_{4}O_{2}$
Test your knowledge on aminophylline, which consists of theophylline and ethylene diamine in a specific ratio. Identify the uses of aminophylline in medical treatments.
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