16 Questions
What are the basic building blocks of all proteins?
Amino acids
How many bonding sites does a carbon atom core in an amino acid have?
Four
What gives each amino acid its own distinct identity?
The side group (R group)
How many amino acids are classified as essential or indispensable?
Nine
What is the process through which cells can make dispensable amino acids as needed?
Transamination
What do the terms essential and nonessential refer to in the context of amino acids?
Whether or not they must be supplied by the diet, not to their relative importance
What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach during protein digestion?
Denaturing protein and activating pepsinogen
Where does the majority of protein digestion occur?
Small intestine
What is the protein digestibility for animal proteins?
90% to 99%
How are amino acids and peptides absorbed through the mucosa of the small intestine?
Active transport with the aid of vitamin B6
What role does the liver play in amino acid metabolism?
Managing their use and distribution, retaining amino acids for liver cell production, regulating amino acid release into the bloodstream, synthesizing enzymes to break down excess amino acids, removing nitrogen for energy production, converting certain amino acids to glucose when needed, and producing urea from excess nitrogenous wastes.
What does protein synthesis involve?
The process of building needed proteins for growth, repair, and maintaining the body
What is the main function of enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin in protein digestion?
Breaking peptide bonds between specific amino acids
What happens to excess protein in the liver?
Converted into fatty acids for storage in adipose tissue
What does the liver produce from excess nitrogenous wastes?
Urea
What is the role of aminopeptidase in protein digestion?
Splits amino acids from the amino ends of short peptides
Test your knowledge about the structure and properties of amino acids, the fundamental building blocks of proteins. Learn about the carbon atom core, bonding sites, and the diverse side groups that characterize each amino acid.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
