Amino Acids and Proteins Quiz

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What is the general structure of a protein?

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (correct)

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quinary structure

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and pentanary structure

Primary, secondary, and tertiary structure

Which type of amino acids must be obtained from the diet?

Conditionally essential amino acids

Essential amino acids (correct)

Nonessential amino acids

Ketogenic amino acids

What is the role of B vitamins and folic acid in DNA modification?

Adding methyl groups (epigenetic) (correct)

Adding acetyl groups

Removing phosphate groups

Adding phosphate groups

Which nutrients regulate gene transcription?

Vitamin A and Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of controlling or regulating mRNA after it has been produced called?

Post-transcriptional Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amino acids can be synthesized by the body?

Nonessential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of iron in gene regulation?

Controls regulation of specific mRNAs Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after a protein is produced?

Post-translational modification Signup and view all the answers

What are the differences between kwashiorkor, marasmus, and phenylketonuria related to?

Protein-energy malnutrition and a genetic disorder Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps involved in synthesizing proteins called?

Translation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for amino acids that are conditionally essential under certain conditions?

Conditionally essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pool of amino acids available for protein synthesis and other metabolic processes?

Amino acid pool Signup and view all the answers

What is the toxic waste product formed by the release of nitrogen during deamination?

Ammonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of malnutrition that occurs due to a deficiency of energy, with protein and other nutrients usually insufficient to meet needs?

Marasmus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where nitrogen intake equals nitrogen output, resulting in no change in total body protein?

Nitrogen equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule formed when the liver combines ammonia with carbon dioxide to form a less toxic compound?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the range of protein deficiency conditions that may include only protein deficiency or protein deficiency plus energy deficiency?

PEM Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule that is synthesized when amino acids are deaminated and used to make ATP?

Acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where nitrogen intake is less than nitrogen output, resulting in a decrease in total body protein?

Negative nitrogen balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule that can be converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue when energy and protein exceed need?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule that is formed when the carbon structure of amino acids is released by deamination?

Keto acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule that is a sugar substitute containing phenylalanine, which can harm individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Aspartame Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output, resulting in an increase in total body protein?

Positive nitrogen balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule formed when nitrogen released by deamination forms ammonia, a toxic waste product?

Ammonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of protein per 1 kg of body weight?

0.8 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between animal and plant protein sources?

Plant sources contain fiber and phytochemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a nonessential amino acid is made in the body when not available from the diet?

Transamination Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid becomes conditionally essential when the essential amino acid phenylalanine is deficient?

Tyrosine Signup and view all the answers

What are amino acids that can be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts called?

Non-essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions do conditional amino acids become essential in the diet?

During times of illness or stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nutrient provided by animal products but lacking in plant protein sources?

B Vitamins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of obtaining protein from animal products?

High in cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of obtaining protein from plant sources?

Contain fiber and phytochemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for amino acids that are essential only under specific conditions?

Conditional amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in the body?

Speeding up metabolic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between structural proteins and antibodies?

Structural proteins support body tissues like cartilage and bone, while antibodies help the immune system fight off foreign bodies Signup and view all the answers

What happens to dipeptides and tripeptides once they enter the mucosal cell in the small intestine?

They are broken down into single amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of complete dietary protein?

Foods of animal origin Signup and view all the answers

In protein complementation, why is it important to combine foods with different limitations?

To obtain essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which body proteins are continuously broken down and resynthesized called?

Protein turnover Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output, resulting in an increase in total body protein?

Positive nitrogen balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus?

Kwashiorkor involves protein deficiency with some energy intake, while marasmus is severe energy and protein deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the range of protein deficiency conditions that may include only protein deficiency or protein deficiency plus energy deficiency?

Protein-energy malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the amino acid pool in the body?

It provides amino acids for protein synthesis and other metabolic processes Signup and view all the answers

Amino Acids and Proteins Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the general structure of a protein?

Which type of amino acids must be obtained from the diet?

What is the role of B vitamins and folic acid in DNA modification?

Which nutrients regulate gene transcription?

What is the process of controlling or regulating mRNA after it has been produced called?

Which type of amino acids can be synthesized by the body?

What is the function of iron in gene regulation?

What occurs after a protein is produced?

What are the differences between kwashiorkor, marasmus, and phenylketonuria related to?

What are the steps involved in synthesizing proteins called?

What is the term for amino acids that are conditionally essential under certain conditions?

What is the term for the pool of amino acids available for protein synthesis and other metabolic processes?

What is the toxic waste product formed by the release of nitrogen during deamination?

What is the form of malnutrition that occurs due to a deficiency of energy, with protein and other nutrients usually insufficient to meet needs?

What is the term for the condition where nitrogen intake equals nitrogen output, resulting in no change in total body protein?

What is the molecule formed when the liver combines ammonia with carbon dioxide to form a less toxic compound?

What is the term for the range of protein deficiency conditions that may include only protein deficiency or protein deficiency plus energy deficiency?

What is the molecule that is synthesized when amino acids are deaminated and used to make ATP?

What is the term for the condition where nitrogen intake is less than nitrogen output, resulting in a decrease in total body protein?

What is the molecule that can be converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue when energy and protein exceed need?

What is the molecule that is formed when the carbon structure of amino acids is released by deamination?

What is the molecule that is a sugar substitute containing phenylalanine, which can harm individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

What is the term for the condition where nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output, resulting in an increase in total body protein?

What is the molecule formed when nitrogen released by deamination forms ammonia, a toxic waste product?

What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of protein per 1 kg of body weight?

What is the main difference between animal and plant protein sources?

What is the process by which a nonessential amino acid is made in the body when not available from the diet?

Which amino acid becomes conditionally essential when the essential amino acid phenylalanine is deficient?

What are amino acids that can be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts called?

Under what conditions do conditional amino acids become essential in the diet?

What is the primary nutrient provided by animal products but lacking in plant protein sources?

What is the main disadvantage of obtaining protein from animal products?

What is the primary advantage of obtaining protein from plant sources?

What is the term for amino acids that are essential only under specific conditions?

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in the body?

What is the primary difference between structural proteins and antibodies?

What happens to dipeptides and tripeptides once they enter the mucosal cell in the small intestine?

What is the main source of complete dietary protein?

In protein complementation, why is it important to combine foods with different limitations?

What is the process by which body proteins are continuously broken down and resynthesized called?

What is the term for the condition where nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output, resulting in an increase in total body protein?

What is the primary difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus?

What is the term for the range of protein deficiency conditions that may include only protein deficiency or protein deficiency plus energy deficiency?

What is the function of the amino acid pool in the body?

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