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Questions and Answers
In transamination reactions, a-ketoglutarate acts as an amino group donor.
In transamination reactions, a-ketoglutarate acts as an amino group donor.
False (B)
Aminotransferases are only active in the cytoplasm.
Aminotransferases are only active in the cytoplasm.
False (B)
The enzyme involved in transamination reactions is dependent on PLP.
The enzyme involved in transamination reactions is dependent on PLP.
True (A)
The structure of an amino acid always includes a keto group.
The structure of an amino acid always includes a keto group.
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Transamination reactions involve a one-way conversion of amino acids to keto acids.
Transamination reactions involve a one-way conversion of amino acids to keto acids.
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GLU is an amino acid involved in transamination reactions.
GLU is an amino acid involved in transamination reactions.
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Study Notes
Amino Acid Metabolism
- Involves both catabolism (degradation) and anabolism (synthesis) of amino acids
- Excess amino acids are diverted towards energy generation through transamination
Transamination
- Amino acids undergo transamination to concentrate nitrogen in glutamate
- Involves the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to an alpha-keto acid
- Aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze transamination reactions
- Aminotransferases are active in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria
- Alpha-ketoglutarate acts as the amino group acceptor in all transamination reactions
Structure of Proteins
- Made up of chains of amino acids
- Classified based on the number of amino acids in a chain:
- Peptides: fewer than 50 amino acids
- Dipeptides: 2 amino acids
- Tripeptides: 3 amino acids
- Polypeptides: more than 10 amino acids
- Proteins: more than 50 amino acids (typically 100 to 10,000 amino acids linked together)
- Chains are synthesized based on specific bodily DNA
Amino Acids
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
- Contain an NH2 group
- Definition: organic acids that contain an NH2 group
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