American Yawp Chapter 4 Flashcards

Consumer Revolution

• A significant increase in the demand for exotic imports driven by economic growth and rising population.

Commodity Money

• Items that have intrinsic value used as currency; tobacco and whiskey were common forms in colonial times.

Bills of Credit

• Refers to paper money used during the colonial period, representing a shift away from metal currency.

Sugar Trade

• High demand for sugar in Europe fueled the extensive use of enslaved labor from Africa on plantations, making it a highly profitable commodity.

Navigation Acts

• Legislation regulating colonial trade, mandating that certain goods could only be shipped to England, sparking colonial resentment and promoting mercantilism.

Smuggling

• Widespread violation of trade laws due to lax enforcement; estimates suggest 83% of tea in Boston and 90% in other major cities was smuggled.

James Oglethorpe

• Founder and governor of Georgia, known for strict governance; banned slavery and alcohol, which led to dissent among colonists and his eventual loss of power.

Rice Plantations

• Essential to South Carolina's economy, relying heavily on enslaved African labor for operations.

Task System

• Organizational approach for enslaved labor where workers had individual tasks to complete daily, allowing for personal time afterward.

Stono Rebellion

• Notable slave uprising in 1739 in South Carolina where approximately 100 African Americans rebelled; resulted in harsh reprisals and executions.

Patroonships

• Dutch colonial land grants along the Hudson River, given to wealthy individuals in return for settling new inhabitants.

Quakers

• Religious dissenters advocating for nonviolence and equality; instrumental in early abolitionist movements, notably settled in Pennsylvania under William Penn.

Royal Colony

• Type of colony overseen by a governor and advisors appointed by the monarch, representing Crown interests; included Carolina, Virginia, and Massachusetts by 1775.

Proprietary Colonies

• Colonies owned by individuals or small groups, controlling local governance while reporting directly to the king; notably Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.

Charter Colonies

• Self-governing colonies with charters granted by the British King, allowing significant local autonomy; examples include Rhode Island and Connecticut.

Sentimentalism

• Cultural movement emphasizing emotional connections and appreciation for life, influencing relationships and personal choices post-1800.

Republican Motherhood

• Concept elevating women's societal roles as educators of future citizens, leading to increased educational opportunities.

Coverture

• 18th-century legal principle that merged a married woman’s identity with her husband's, denying her individual rights.

Print Culture

• Emergence of a secular literary environment where books and newspapers became influential during the Enlightenment.

Great Awakening

• 1730s-1740s religious revival characterized by passionate preaching that unified the Thirteen Colonies and democratized religion.

"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

• Noteworthy sermon by Jonathan Edwards, illustrating the perils of non-belief and the immediacy of God's wrath.

George Whitefield

• Influential English preacher known for persuasive sermons; key figure in the Great Awakening, emphasizing the personal pursuit of salvation.

Seven Years War (French and Indian War)

• Major conflict from 1756-1763 establishing English dominance in North America both commercially and territorially.

Pontiac's War

• Post-French and Indian War conflict where Ottawa leader Pontiac rallied Native Americans against British forts, resulting in significant violence and loss of life.

Proclamation Line of 1776

• British law restricting settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains post-war, aimed at reducing conflict with Native Americans in the Ohio Valley.