American Regime Literature (1898-1944)

A traditional Filipino poetic form with 4 lines, each containing 7 syllables.

During the Japanese Occupation, Philippine literature in English faced restrictions and a decline in publications due to censorship.

The Period of Activism in Philippine Literature, lasting from 1970 to 1972, was characterized by youth activism, social and political reform movements, and a response to social issues.

During the Martial Law period in the Philippines (1972 – 1980), literature reflected the government's control over media and its promotion of certain themes like the Green Revolution and family planning.

A poem that strictly follows a conventional structure, unlike free verse or more unconventional forms.

A form of poetry that is free from standard rules of structure and meter.

A type of poetry with a specific structure, using exactly 17 syllables and divided into three lines: 5 syllables in the first, 7 in the second, and 5 in the third.

This period saw a revival of Philippine literature written in Tagalog, with many notable authors emerging.

Writers like Brigido Batungbakal, Macario Pineda, Serafin Guinigindo, Liwayway Arceo, Narciso Ramos, NVM Gonzales, Alicia Lopez Lim, Ligaya Perez, and Gloria Guzman were among those who contributed to Philippine literature during the Japanese Occupation.

Campus newspapers became platforms for student activism and dissent during the Period of Activism in the Philippines.

The period between 1946 and 1972, marking independence and a shift to democratic rule.

A collection of poems that expressed deep feelings about love, loss, faith, and the importance of freedom.

The revival of traditional Filipino plays and dramas, including the Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo, and Embayoka.

A prominent weekly Tagalog magazine published in the Philippines since 1922. It featured serialized novels, short stories, poetry, comics, essays, news, and entertainment.

A magazine focusing on a wide range of interests, including movies, songs, radio, fiction, and features, popular in the 1950s.

The period following 10 years of martial law, marked by a transition back to democracy and a new era for the nation.

A term used by former President Marcos to describe the Philippines after the lifting of martial law, signifying a renewed sense of national identity.

A significant cultural influence on Filipino literature during the Third Republic, emphasizing love for the homeland, traditions, and the natural beauty of the Philippines.

The popularity of magazines and comics among Filipinos, reflecting a growing interest in reading and entertainment.

The influence of Filipino culture on literary works, highlighting customs, traditions, and the appreciation of nature and surroundings.

The early years of American rule in the Philippines saw writers grapple with newfound freedom after Spanish repression. Writers in Tagalog continued expressing their national identity and frustrations with the current state of the country, while those writing in English experimented with American themes and styles.

Filipino writers during this period actively imitated American and British literary styles in their works, showcasing their learning and adaptation of English writing techniques.

This period is marked by Filipino writers demonstrating a complete grasp of English writing. They mastered the language and showcased their individual styles and themes.

The introduction of English as the medium of instruction in schools transformed education in the Philippines. English became the language of intellectual discourse and influenced Filipino writers to adopt it in their works.

This type of poetry is characterized by its free form and lack of traditional rhyme or meter, allowing poets to express their emotions and ideas in a more direct and unconventional way.

This period saw a surge in literary activity, as writers embraced the freedom to express themselves and explore various themes and forms.

This organization, founded in 1901, played a crucial role in promoting Filipino literature and fostering national identity during the American period.

This organization, founded in 1900, contributed significantly to the growth of Philippine literature during the American period. It is known for its publications and promotion of Filipino culture.

This play by Aurelio Tolentino reflects the struggles and resistance of Filipinos against American colonization. It depicts the social and political injustices experienced by Filipinos during this time.

This time in Philippine history saw a disruption in literary activities as the Philippines was once again under foreign occupation, this time by Japan. It highlights the impact of war on cultural expression and the resilience of Filipino writers.