American Regime Literature (1898-1944)

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Questions and Answers

What is a tanaga?

A type of free verse poem with 17 syllables.

An essay addressing social issues.

A poem with four lines containing seven syllables each. (correct)

A narrative form in Filipino literature.

During the Japanese Occupation, which newspapers continued to publish in English?

The Manila Times and the Philippine Star

The TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW (correct)

The Philippine Post and The Daily Inquirer

The Manila Bulletin and The Evening News

What significant event marked the beginning of the period of activism in Philippine literature?

The publication of famous literary works

The declaration of Martial Law (correct)

The end of World War II

The rise of youth movements

What themes were promoted by the government during Martial Law?

The Green Revolution and family planning Signup and view all the answers

What did the youth express during the period of activism?

Sentiments demanding change Signup and view all the answers

Which authors were known for their contributions to Philippine literature during the dark period of the Japanese Occupation?

Liwayway Arceo and NVM Gonzales Signup and view all the answers

What type of poem did the Japanese prefer?

Free verse poetry with a specific syllable count. Signup and view all the answers

How did Philippine literature in English fare during the Japanese Occupation?

It faced severe restrictions and was largely halted. Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the activism observed in Philippine literature from 1970 to 1972?

Engagement through literary works and protests. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of literature during the Japanese Occupation?

Promoting political ideologies and government themes. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant influence on Filipino writers during the Period of Imitation?

Adopting American and British writing styles Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of education did the Americans influence in the Philippines?

Introduction of English as the medium of instruction Signup and view all the answers

Which writer is noted for publishing the first work in English?

Justo Juliano Signup and view all the answers

What was a common theme in the works of writers during the American period in Tagalog?

Expressions of national pride and lamentations Signup and view all the answers

Which period followed the Period of Imitation in Filipino literature?

Period of Self-Discovery Signup and view all the answers

What event interrupted the development of Philippine Literature between 1941-1945?

The Japanese occupation of the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

What type of poetry did a famous writer gain notoriety for during this period?

Free verse poetry about illicit love Signup and view all the answers

Who founded a significant journal during the American period that faced censorship?

Sergio Osmeña Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of the writing during the Period of Re-Orientation?

Exploration of the Filipino identity in literature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the influence of American writers on Filipino literature?

Promotion of Spanish themes and styles Signup and view all the answers

What themes were commonly found in poems during the period of the Third Republic?

Romantic themes and aspirations for freedom Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following magazines was a leading Tagalog weekly published since 1922?

Liwayway Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the content of the magazine Kislap in the 1950s?

General interest with colored movie ads Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forms of literature was revived during this period?

Tagalog Zarzuela and Cenaculo Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change for the Philippines marked on January 17, 1981?

The lifting of Martial Rule Signup and view all the answers

What types of themes did many Filipino songs during this period express?

Grief, poverty, and love for country Signup and view all the answers

Which was NOT a characteristic of poems from this period?

Focus on scientific research Signup and view all the answers

What was one primary influence on the literature of the period?

Revival of traditional forms such as Zarzuela Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary demographic appeal of the magazine Liwayway?

Serialized novels targeting youth readers Signup and view all the answers

What cultural aspects did poems from this period typically emphasize?

Native culture, customs, and nature's beauty Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

American Regime (1898-1944)

The period spanned from 1898 to 1944.
Spanish and Tagalog languages, and dialects, were used for writing.
Spanish and Tagalog were dominant languages.
Literature was heavily impacted by the American period.
Two significant developments, education and culture, during this time shaped the Filipino society.
Writers in Tagalog continued to lament the country's problems and inspire patriotism.
Writers in English adopted American themes.
Filipino literature experienced three key periods: re-orientation, imitation, and self-discovery.
The period of re-orientation saw writers adapting to the new freedoms.
The period of imitation featured writers mimicking American and British styles.
Writers during the period of self-discovery had mastered English writing.
El Renacimiento (The Rebirth) was founded by Rafael Palma in 1901.
Sursum Corda, by Justo Juliano, was the first work published in English and appeared in El Renacimiento in 1907.
Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse.
Angela Manalang Gloria wrote poetry about illicit love.
Lope K. Santos, Valeriano Hernandez Pena and Patricio Mariano used vernacular languages.
Newspapers like El Nuevo Dia (The New Day) and El Grito Del Pueblo (The Call of the Nation) played important roles in Filipino literature.
Numerous plays were written, such as Kahapon Ngayon at Bukas (Yesterdat Today and Tomorrow) by Aurelio Tolentino and Tanikalang Ginto by Juan Abad.
Malaya, by Tomas Remigio
Walang Sugat by Severino Reyes
The Japanese Period (1941-1945) halted Philippine literature in English.
The Japanese occupation interrupted Philippine literature's development.
Common themes in the literature include nationalism, love of country, life in the barrios, faith, religion, and art.
The haiku form of poetry, introduced by the Japanese, used 17 syllables and 3 lines with 5, 7, and 5 syllable counts, respectively.
Tanaga, a traditional Filipino form of poetry, consists of four lines with seven syllables each.

Characteristics of Literature

Short stories became a significant feature during the Japanese Occupation.
Many books were published during the first 20 years of this period in both Filipino and English.
The Japanese imposed strict writing and publishing limits that resulted in a dark period in English literature.
Filipino literature in Tagalog revived during the period.
Short stories by Brigido Batungbakal, Macario Pineda, Serafin Guinigindo, Liwayway Arceo, Narciso Ramos, NVM Gonzales, Alicia Lopez Lim, Ligaya Perez, and Gloria Guzman.

Newspapers and Magazines

Magazines like Liwayway and Kislap were popular because of serialized stories, poems, and news.
Filipino writers began using newspapers a means of expression.
Newspapers were a vital medium during the American Regime.

Period of Activism (1970-1972)

This period witnessed youth activism and social/political change.
The movement was a response to various social issues and global influences.
Filipino intellectuals and the youth expressed their views through literature.
Political protests and demonstrations were manifested in literature.

Period of New Society (1972-1980)

The period began after Ferdinand Marcos declared Martial Law.
The government imposed strict control over media.
Literature reflected themes enforced by the government, such as Green Revolution, environment, and family planning.

Period of Third Republic (1981-1985)

This period came after the end of Martial Law.
It marked the start of a new nation.
The Philippines experienced a resurgence in literature and freedom of expression.

Literature (of the Third Republic)

The literature of the Third Republic was influenced by poems dealing with romanticism and revolutionary sentiment.
Songs also expressed themes of real-life experiences like grief, poverty and aspirations for independence.

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Description

Explore the literary transformations during the American regime in the Philippines from 1898 to 1944. This quiz covers significant developments in literature, the influence of American culture, and the evolution of Filipino writing styles in both Spanish and English. Understand how education, culture, and patriotism shaped the literary landscape of this era.