American History: Westward Expansion & Industrialization
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Questions and Answers

What did the Homestead Act of 1862 provide?

160 acres for a small fee if occupied and improved

What did the Timber Culture Act of 1873 provide?

An additional 160 acres with 40 acres planted in trees

What did the Desert Land Act provide?

640 acres if the owner agreed to irrigate within 3 years

Who is credited with the discovery of silver in the Comstock Lode?

<p>It is not mentioned who discovered the silver in the Comstock Lode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the book that Mark Twain wrote about his experiences in the American West?

<p>Roughing It</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Frederic Remington capture in his art?

<p>The romance of the West</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the process for converting iron into durable steel?

<p>Both Henry Bessemer and William Kelly are credited with developing the process for converting iron into durable steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Bessemer process make possible?

<p>Mass production of steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who built the first gasoline-driven motor vehicles in America?

<p>Charles and Frank Duryea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Henry Ford create?

<p>The moving assembly line used for mass production of automobiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did Orville and Wilbur Wright construct their first glider flight?

<p>Kitty Hawk, North Carolina</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who created standardized time zones?

<p>Railroads across the continental United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Andrew Carnegie control?

<p>The process of steel production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did J. Pierpont Morgan create?

<p>The U.S. Steel Corporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Gustavus Swift do?

<p>He transformed a small Chicago meatpacking company into a national corporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Isaac Singer patent?

<p>The sewing machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is horizontal integration?

<p>The combination of similar firms into a single corporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vertical integration?

<p>The takeover of businesses a company relies on for primary functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did John D. Rockefeller create?

<p>Standard Oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a monopoly?

<p>Control over a market by a single large corporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are credited with the co-creation of Central Park in New York City?

<p>Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of creating Central Park?

<p>To create an urban park in New York City that looked as little like a city as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did F.W. Woolworth create?

<p>The first national chain of dry goods stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Montgomery Ward create?

<p>A distribution catalog of consumer goods for rural Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Richard Sears establish?

<p>Sears Roebuck</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Marshall Field create?

<p>One of the first national department stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who organized the National Consumers League?

<p>Florence Kelly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the National Consumers League force retailers and manufacturers to do?

<p>Improve working conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the National College Athletic Association create?

<p>Rules and equipment requirements for sports to make sports safe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who invented basketball?

<p>James A. Naismith</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Charles Darwin do?

<p>He developed the theory of evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Native Americans

The largest and most significant early population group in the western U.S.

Buffalo

Provided essential economic support for Plains Indians.

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad that facilitated westward expansion by providing access to the west.

Homestead Act of 1862

Law that granted 160 acres of land for a small fee if improved and occupied.

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Timber Culture Act of 1873

Law providing additional 160 acres if 40 acres were planted with trees.

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Desert Land Act

Provided 640 acres to owners who agreed to irrigate their land within 3 years.

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California Gold Rush

Mass migration to California in 1849 following gold discoveries.

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Comstock Lode

Famous silver discovery that spurred mining booms.

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Wild West shows

Entertainments that promoted cowboy culture in America.

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Mark Twain

19th-century American author known for 'Roughing It' about western experiences.

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Frederic Remington

Painter and sculptor who depicted the romanticized West.

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Bessemer process

Method for converting iron into durable steel, enabling mass production.

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Andrew Carnegie

Steel magnate who led the expansion of the American steel industry.

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Horizontal Integration

Business strategy of combining similar firms into one corporation.

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Vertical Integration

Company takeover of different businesses for essential functions.

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John D. Rockefeller

Founder of Standard Oil, key figure in the oil industry.

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Monopoly

Exclusive control of a market by a single corporation.

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Central Park

Urban park designed to integrate nature into the city.

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F.W. Woolworth

Founded the first national chain of dry goods stores.

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Montgomery Ward

Created a consumer goods catalog for rural Americans.

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Richard Sears

Established Sears, Roebuck, an influential retail company.

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Florence Kelly

Organized the National Consumers League for labor reform.

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National Consumers League

Group that pushed for better working conditions in retail.

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James A. Naismith

Invented basketball, a popular team sport.

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Charles Darwin

Intellectual who developed the theory of evolution.

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Study Notes

Native Americans

  • Largest and most important early Western population group
  • Economic base for Plains Indians
  • Transcontinental Railroad spurred settlement
  • Homestead Act of 1862 provided land for settlement
  • Timber Culture Act of 1873 provided additional land (160acres)

Westward Expansion

  • California Gold Rush of 1849
  • Comstock Lode (silver discovery)
  • Development of the Cowboy Culture (Mark Twain)
  • 19th-century painters and sculptors (Frederic Remington)

Industrial Revolution

  • Bessemer Process (converting iron to steel): mass production of steel
  • Automobile development (Charles and Frank Duryea)
  • Henry Ford and assembly line (mass production)
  • Time zones (railroad standardization)
  • Steel industry control (Andrew Carnegie & J. Pierpont Morgan)
  • U.S. Steel Corporation (J. Pierpont Morgan)

Business Consolidation

  • Gustavus Swift (meatpacking company consolidation)
  • Isaac Singer (sewing machine company)
  • Horizontal Integration: combining similar firms
  • Vertical Integration: controlling businesses relied on

Standard Oil (Rockefeller)

  • Created Standard Oil Company (John D. Rockefeller)
  • Monopoly: controlling a market
  • Central Park (Frederick Law Olmstead, Calvert Vaux): urban park

Consumer Goods

  • F.W. Woolworth (national chain of dry goods stores)
  • Montgomery Ward (catalog of consumer goods, rural Americans)
  • Richard Sears (Sears Roebuck)

Labor and Reform

  • National Consumers League (Florence Kelly): improve working conditions
  • National College Athletic Association (rules and equipment requirements); sports safety

Inventions and Intellectualism

  • James Naismith (basketball)
  • Charles Darwin (evolution theory)

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Description

Explore the pivotal events and figures of American history, focusing on Native Americans, the Westward Expansion, and the Industrial Revolution. This quiz covers key developments such as the Gold Rush, the impact of the transcontinental railroad, and major industrialists. Test your knowledge on how these factors shaped the nation.

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