American History: Missouri Compromise & Civil War

<p>It did not apply to territories outside the Louisiana Purchase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the expansion of slavery into new territories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The admission of California as a free state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That any escaped slave be returned to their owner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It only temporarily quieted tensions between the North and South. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It severely weakened their military capabilities, diminishing their chances of victory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cut off their supply lines and relentless attacks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It officially marked the end of the Civil War. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were able to return to their homes without facing any sort of punishment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Union focused on helping to rebuild the South and bring them back into the country. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of violence to address sectional differences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disagreements on the expansion of slavery. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed Lincoln to win the election with a large majority of electoral votes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He believed it was the best way to resolve slavery in the territories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To preserve the Union by avoiding the slavery issue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Southern states did not support his antislavery views. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a direct threat to their way of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He believed it was essential to the Southern economy and lifestyle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He urged Southern states to remain in the Union. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A growing divide between the North and South over slavery. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Breckinridge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because of Lincoln's anti-slavery stance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Popular Sovereignty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The secession of Southern states and the unfolding of the Civil War. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that all citizens helped in the capture and return of runaway slaves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it forced them to be involved in the slave system and hindered efforts to aid runaway slaves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He viewed it as a necessary compromise to preserve the Union and prevent Southern secession. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increased awareness of slavery as a moral issue in the North, and fueled the abolitionist movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He drafted the compromise legislation to address issues of slavery in new territories in order to preserve the Union. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The return of runaway enslaved people and stronger protections for slavery in the South. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make it more difficult to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act and protect slaveowners' rights to reclaim their slaves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decide whether slavery would be permitted through popular sovereignty. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the Act overturned the Missouri Compromise, removing the ban on slavery north of the 36°30’ line. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To use violence to influence elections and to establish Kansas as a slave state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The violent battles between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in Kansas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It showed the intense division over slavery and that a peaceful solution was unlikely. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It escalated the violence and resentment between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To take part in the debate and conflict over whether Kansas would be a slave or free state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The caning of Senator Charles Sumner. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He wanted to maintain the support of the Union-loyal slave states. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware, and Missouri (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To weaken the Confederacy's war efforts by freeing enslaved people in Confederate states (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He wanted to maintain their loyalty to the Union. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It made ending slavery an official goal of the war, in addition to preserving the Union. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent appearing desperate and to provide momentum for his decision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was one of the first African American units to fight for the Union in the Civil War. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They mainly worked as spies, nurses, and factory workers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He surrounded, blockaded, and bombarded cities, weakening Confederate forces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resulted in the Union gaining complete control over the Mississippi River. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To emphasize the need to preserve the Union and the end of slavery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marked the end of the Civil War and led to the defeat of Confederate forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It destroyed infrastructure, farms, and railroads, weakening Confederate resources and morale. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To secure a decisive victory on Union soil and capture Washington, D.C. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Union won, stopping Lee’s invasion and crippling the Confederate amy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To blockade Southern ports and control the Mississippi River. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To divide the Confederacy and cut off supplies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To smuggle goods and sustain the Confederate economy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focusing on protecting their land and wearing down the North. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they expected that European nations needed their cotton for textile industries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduced Confederate trade through southern ports by approximately 90%. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disruption of their economy by severely limiting trade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Northerners were eager for a quick victory to boost morale and show the Union was stronger. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capturing it could potentially end the war by disrupting Confederate command. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It revealed the need for more training and preparation for both sides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resulted in hasty decisions that compromised strategic planning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To blockade Southern ports and control the Mississippi River. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cotton production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrated the need for better training and preparation on both sides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It limited their ability to obtain necessary manufactured goods and export cotton. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A law passed in 1820 that aimed to maintain balance between free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also established a boundary (36°30’ latitude) where slavery would be permitted in territories south of the line.

The line of 36°30’ latitude that divided the Louisiana Purchase area, allowing slavery south of the line, but prohibiting it north of the line, with the exception of Missouri.

A political party that formed in the 1840s and focused on preventing the expansion of slavery into new territories and states.

A series of laws passed in 1850 that addressed issues related to slavery in newly acquired territories following the Mexican-American War.

One of the key provisions of the Compromise of 1850, it admitted California as a free state, shifting the power balance in favor of free states.

A provision of the Compromise of 1850 that banned slave trading in the District of Columbia.

A controversial provision of the Compromise of 1850, it required runaway slaves to be returned to their owners, angering the North.

The Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 were attempts to settle the issue of slavery, but ultimately failed to provide a lasting solution. These compromises only delayed the inevitable conflict.

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required all citizens, regardless of their personal views on slavery, to assist in apprehending and returning escaped enslaved individuals to their owners in the South. This law was deeply controversial and fueled tensions between the North and South.

The law was intended to enforce the return of escaped slaves to their owners, but it faced strong opposition in the North. Many Northerners opposed the Fugitive Slave Act because it forced them to participate in the slave system and interfered with their ability to help runaway slaves.

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, brought the harsh realities of slavery to a wider audience in the North, increasing sympathy for the plight of enslaved people and fueling the abolitionist movement.

The Compromise of 1850 was a series of measures aimed at calming tensions over slavery by addressing issues related to slavery in new territories and states. Henry Clay played a key role in crafting the compromise legislation.

John C. Calhoun, a prominent Southern leader, argued vigorously for stronger protections for slavery, including the return of fugitive slaves to their owners.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed settlers in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether slavery would be permitted there through popular sovereignty. This approach overturned the Missouri Compromise, which had banned slavery north of the 36°30’ line. This angered Northerners and led to more conflict over slavery.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise, which had banned slavery in Kansas and Nebraska, causing fears of the expansion of slavery into new territories. This resulted in fierce opposition and increased tensions between the North and South.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act fueled tensions between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions, leading to violent clashes in Kansas, known as “Bleeding Kansas.” The conflict demonstrated the deep divisions over slavery and foreshadowed the coming civil war.

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John Brown, a fervent abolitionist, led a raid at Pottawatomie Creek, killing five pro-slavery settlers. This extreme action escalated violence in Kansas and heightened tensions across the nation.

The violence over slavery in Kansas, known as 'Bleeding Kansas', demonstrated the deep divisions and intensity of the slavery debate. It foreshadowed the larger conflict to come, highlighting that peaceful resolution was unlikely.

The caning of Senator Charles Sumner in the Senate by Congressman Preston Brooks was a shocking act of violence that further polarized the North and South. It highlighted the growing intensity of the conflict and the inability of political discourse to resolve the issue of slavery.

The incident where Senator Charles Sumner was beaten with a cane by Representative Preston Brooks in 1856, signifying the escalating violence and animosity over slavery.

The Democratic Party split in 1860 due to disagreements over slavery, with the North favoring its end and the South supporting its continuation.

Lincoln's victory in the 1860 election, despite not appearing on Southern ballots, benefited from the divided Democratic vote and the lack of Southern electoral votes.

The belief that residents of a territory should decide whether or not to allow slavery, advocated by Stephen Douglas and central to the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Stephen Douglas, proponent of popular sovereignty, believed that white Southerners should remain in the Union despite Lincoln's election, hoping to prevent secession.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act, proposed by Stephan Douglas, aimed to resolve the slavery question using popular sovereignty, igniting further conflict over the issue.

The Constitutional Union Party in 1860 prioritized national unity and avoiding the slavery issue to heal sectional tensions.

Southern states refused to place Lincoln's name on the ballot in 1860 due to his anti-slavery stance, reflecting the deep sectional divide.

Southern states viewed Lincoln's anti-slavery stance as a threat to their way of life, leading to their secession and ultimately to the Civil War.

John Breckinridge, Southern Democrat nominee in 1860, strongly supported slavery, aligning his views with Southern voters who feared its abolition.

Stephen Douglas, despite his efforts to prevent secession, was ultimately unable to bridge the growing divisions in the country over slavery and the future of the Union.

Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, border states between the North and South, supported John Bell in 1860, showing the desire for unity while still acknowledging sectional tensions.

The 1860 election results highlighted the deepening polarization over slavery, with the South backing Breckinridge and the North and West supporting Lincoln.

After Lincoln's election, many white Southerners feared for the future of slavery and the preservation of their way of life, leading to secession from the Union.

Southern states believed that the national government would no longer represent their interests after Lincoln's election, especially regarding slavery, eventually leading to secession.

Grant surrounded Lee's army, cutting off their supplies and launching continuous attacks, weakening Lee's forces and forcing their surrender at Appomattox Court House in April 1865, marking a significant step towards ending the Civil War.

Grant's strategy effectively trapped Lee's army by cutting off their supply lines and launching a relentless series of attacks, ultimately leading to the Confederacy's defeat and the end of the Civil War.

The terms of surrender at Appomattox allowed Confederate soldiers to return home without punishment, contributing to reconciliation between the North and South.

After the war, the Union played a significant role in rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction era, facilitating a peaceful transition back into the nation.

The Confederate Army suffered heavy losses, including soldiers killed, wounded, and captured, greatly weakening their ability to battle the North and contributing to their eventual defeat.

A strategy created by Union General Winfield Scott during the Civil War aimed at defeating the Confederacy through a naval blockade of Southern ports, controlling the Mississippi River, and ultimately suffocating the Confederacy economically.

This refers to the Union Navy's strategy of blockading Southern ports to prevent the Confederacy from importing essential supplies and exporting cotton, greatly harming the Confederacy's economy.

The Confederacy's primary tactic was to defend their territory, using the terrain to their advantage and hoping to wear down the Union's resources and force a peace negotiation.

The South used blockade runners, ships that attempted to evade the Union blockade, to smuggle goods to maintain their economy and sustain their war effort.

The Confederacy's belief that European countries would support them during the war because they heavily relied on Southern cotton for their textile industry.

This refers to the public pressure on President Lincoln to initiate military action at Manassas in July 1861, driven by the public's desire for a quick victory to boost morale and demonstrate the Union's strength.

The first major battle of the Civil War, fought at Manassas, Virginia, revealed the unpreparedness of both sides and indicated the war would be much longer and bloodier than initially expected.

This refers to the Union's ambition to capture Richmond, the Confederate capital, which was seen as a pivotal objective due to its strategic importance as the hub of Confederate resources and command.

The Union's objective to control the Mississippi River, cutting off the Confederacy's vital supply lines and dividing its territory, was seen as crucial to weaken their forces and cripple their war effort.

The Union's hope that by securing the Mississippi River, they could sever the Confederacy's territories, limiting communication, transportation, and supply lines, ultimately weakening their military strength.

The South's reliance on cotton exports was a crucial factor in their diplomatic strategy, but their hope that Europe would support them based on their cotton shipments proved to be less effective than anticipated.

This refers to the Union's blockade's long-term impact on the South's economy. Over time, the blockade reduced Confederate trade by approximately 90%, contributing significantly to the South's economic collapse.

The Union public's eagerness for quick victories and their pressure on military leaders to target the Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia, ultimately led to hasty decisions that compromised strategic planning and resulted in the Union's defeat in the Battle of Bull Run.

The Battle of Bull Run shifted expectations about the length and intensity of the Civil War. It revealed that the war would be much more protracted, brutal, and demanding of both sides.

Lincoln’s cautious approach to slavery early in the war was driven by his desire to maintain the support of four Union-loyal slave states: Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware, and Missouri. He believed that keeping these states in the Union was crucial to winning the war.

The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Lincoln in 1863, declared that all enslaved people in Confederate states were to be freed. This was a significant turning point in the war, transforming it into a fight for freedom as well as the Union.

Lincoln chose to exclude Union-loyal slave states from the Emancipation Proclamation to avoid angering these pivotal states and preserve their support for the Union cause.

While Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union, the Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery an official aim of the war, adding a moral dimension to the conflict.

Lincoln strategically waited for a Union victory – the Battle of Antietam – before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation. This timing prevented him from appearing desperate and also bolstered the legitimacy of his decision.

The 54th Massachusetts Regiment, one of the first African American units to fight for the Union, played a crucial role in changing public perceptions of Black soldiers. Their bravery, especially during the attack on Fort Wagner, demonstrated their equal capability and courage, inspiring many others to join the fight.

As Union troops advanced into Confederate territory, many enslaved African Americans escaped to freedom, seeking to join the Union cause and build a better future for themselves.

Women contributed heavily to the war effort, serving as nurses, spies, and factory workers. One notable woman, Clara Barton, became known as the “Angel of the Battlefield” for her tireless work in treating wounded soldiers.

Grant's military strategy of surrounding, blockading, and bombarding Confederate cities, effectively cut off their supply lines and resources. This created pressure on the enemy and led to a series of surrenders.

The Siege of Vicksburg, led by Grant, resulted in the capture of the Confederate stronghold on July 4, 1863. This victory gave the Union control over the Mississippi River, effectively splitting the Confederacy and strengthening the Union's position.

In his Second Inaugural Address, Lincoln emphasized the importance of preserving the Union and ending slavery. He saw ending slavery not just as a moral imperative, but as necessary for healing the nation's wounds and achieving a more just future.

Lincoln’s call for a “new birth of freedom” in his second inaugural address signified the opportunity for African Americans to finally achieve their liberty after centuries of oppression.

General Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, in April 1865 officially marked the end of the Civil War. The Confederate defeat led to the Union's victory and the daunting task of Reconstruction.

Grant's relentless pursuit of the Confederate army, through constant battles and strategic maneuvers, crippled their supply lines and resources. This relentless pressure ultimately forced General Lee's surrender in Virginia.

Sherman's march to the sea involved destroying Confederate infrastructure, farms, and railroads, with the goal of weakening the Confederacy's resources and morale. His actions, while controversial, ultimately contributed to the Confederate surrender.

Sherman's ‘scorched earth’ tactics caused significant civilian suffering, with homes, farms, and towns destroyed leaving many without food, shelter, and basic necessities. The devastation also led to a collapse in support for the Confederacy amongst civilians.

Lee’s plan to invade the North was an attempt to secure a decisive victory on Union soil, potentially capturing Washington D.C., and shifting the momentum of the war in favor of the Confederacy.

The Battle of Gettysburg, a pivotal moment in the war, ended with a Union victory, crippling the Confederate army and ending their chances of winning the war in the North. Gettysburg marked a turning point in the war.