Road to the American Civil War
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Questions and Answers

What was the Missouri Compromise?

An 1820 agreement balancing slave and free states.

What is a Slave State?

A state permitting the practice of slavery.

What was the significance of the 36°30' Line?

It was the boundary for slavery in the Louisiana Territory.

What was the Compromise of 1850?

<p>A series of agreements addressing slavery in new territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was California admitted to the Union as a free state?

<p>1850</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Fugitive Slave Act entail?

<p>It was a law requiring the return of escaped slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Popular Sovereignty?

<p>Settlers decide on slavery in new territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin?

<p>It was an 1852 novel highlighting the horrors of slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?

<p>Author of <em>Uncle Tom's Cabin</em> and abolitionist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was "Bleeding Kansas"?

<p>Violence over slavery in Kansas territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 do?

<p>It allowed popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Dred Scott Decision?

<p>An 1857 ruling denying citizenship to African Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment was cited in the Dred Scott case?

<p>5th Amendment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Abraham Lincoln?

<p>Republican president opposing slavery's expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state was the first to secede from the Union?

<p>South Carolina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Confederate States of America?

<p>Government formed by seceding Southern states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Texas join the Confederacy?

<p>March 2, 1861</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sam Houston?

<p>Texas governor opposed to joining Confederacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Fort Sumter?

<p>Site of first battle of the Civil War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event initiated the Civil War?

<p>The attack on Fort Sumter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Texas Ordinance of Secession?

<p>Document stating reasons for Texas's secession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Abolitionists?

<p>Individuals advocating for the end of slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Underground Railroad?

<p>Network aiding escaped slaves to freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Mexican Cession?

<p>Territory acquired from Mexico after the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event ended the slave trade in Washington D.C.?

<p>The Compromise of 1850.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much money did Texas receive for their public land?

<p>$10 million.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significance did the Election of 1860 have?

<p>Controversial election leading to Southern secession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Secession Convention?

<p>Meeting to discuss Texas's potential secession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an Agrarian Economy?

<p>Economy primarily based on agriculture and farming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are States' Rights?

<p>Constitutional rights states hold against the federal government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Sectionalism?

<p>Prioritizing regional interests over national unity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Confederation?

<p>Alliance of Southern states during the Civil War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Union?

<p>Northern states opposing the Confederate secession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Compromise?

<p>Agreement where parties concede to resolve conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Secession?

<p>Official withdrawal from a nation or federation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Missouri Compromise

1820 agreement trying to balance the number of free states and slave states.

Slave State

A state that permitted the practice of slavery.

Free State

A state that prohibited the practice of slavery.

36°30' Line

Imaginary line that was the boundary for slavery in the Louisiana Territory.

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Compromise of 1850

California admitted as a free state, fugitive slave act enacted, and popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico.

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California Admission

California entered the Union as a free state in 1850.

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Fugitive Slave Act

Law requiring the return of escaped slaves to their owners.

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Popular Sovereignty

The concept that settlers could decide on the issue of slavery in new territories.

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Uncle Tom's Cabin

1852 novel that dramatically portrayed the horrors of slavery, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

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Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin and a prominent abolitionist.

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Bleeding Kansas

A period of violence and conflict over slavery in the Kansas territory.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 law that allowed popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska territories.

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Dred Scott Decision

1857 Supreme Court ruling denying citizenship to African Americans.

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5th Amendment

Constitutional amendment protecting property rights, cited in the Dred Scott case.

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Abraham Lincoln

Republican president who opposed the expansion of slavery.

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South Carolina Secession

First state to secede from the Union in 1860.

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Confederate States of America

Government formed by seceding Southern states during the Civil War.

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Texas Secession

Texas joined the Confederacy on March 2, 1861.

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Sam Houston

Texas governor who opposed joining the Confederacy.

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Fort Sumter

Site of the first battle of the Civil War.

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Civil War Start

Initiated by the attack on Fort Sumter in 1861.

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Texas Ordinance of Secession

Document stating Texas's reasons for seceding from the Union.

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Abolitionists

Individuals who advocated for the end of slavery.

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Underground Railroad

Secret network that helped enslaved people escape to freedom.

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Mexican Cession

Territory acquired by the U.S. from Mexico after the Mexican-American War.

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Washington D.C. Slave Trade

Ended in Washington D.C. by the Compromise of 1850.

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Texas Debt Payment

Texas received $10 million for giving up claims to public land.

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Election of 1860

Controversial election that led to Southern secession.

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Secession Convention

Meeting to discuss Texas's potential secession from the Union.

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Agrarian Economy

Economy primarily based on agriculture and farming.

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Study Notes

  • Key events and concepts leading up to the American Civil War are essential for understanding the conflict's origins.

Missouri Compromise

  • An 1820 agreement sought to maintain a balance between slave and free states within the Union.

Defining States

  • Slave states were those where slavery was permitted.
  • Free states were those where slavery was prohibited.

36°30' Line

  • This line served as the boundary determining the legality of slavery in the Louisiana Territory.

Compromise of 1850

  • A series of agreements aimed to resolve disputes over slavery in newly acquired territories.
  • California was admitted into the Union as a free state as part of the Compromise.
  • The Compromise led to the end of the slave trade in Washington D.C.

Fugitive Slave Act

  • This law mandated the return of escaped slaves to their owners.
  • Allowed settlers in new territories to decide for themselves whether to permit slavery.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

  • Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel vividly depicted the brutalities of slavery and fueled the abolitionist movement.
  • Stowe was an ardent abolitionist.

Bleeding Kansas

  • Refers to the violent clashes that erupted in the Kansas territory over the issue of slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

  • The 1854 law permitted popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska territories, effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise.

Dred Scott Decision

  • The 1857 Supreme Court ruling denied citizenship to African Americans and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
  • The ruling cited the Fifth Amendment, which protects property rights.

Abraham Lincoln

  • As a Republican president, he opposed the expansion of slavery.

South Carolina Secession

  • South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in 1860, marking a critical turning point.

Confederate States of America

  • The government formed by the seceding Southern states.
  • Texas joined the Confederacy on March 2, 1861.
  • Sam Houston, the governor of Texas, opposed joining the Confederacy.

Fort Sumter

  • The site of the first battle of the Civil War, signaling the start of armed conflict.
  • The attack on Fort Sumter initiated the Civil War.

Texas Ordinance of Secession

  • This documented the reasons behind Texas's decision to secede from the Union.
  • Texas received $10 million for public land.
  • A Secession Convention was held to discuss Texas's potential secession.

Abolitionists

  • Individuals dedicated to advocating for the end of slavery.
  • The Underground Railroad was a network that helped slaves escape to freedom.

Mexican Cession

  • Territory acquired from Mexico after the Mexican-American War.

Election of 1860

  • This election was highly controversial and led to Southern secession.

Agrarian Economy

  • An economy primarily based on agriculture and farming.

States' Rights

  • Refer to constitutional rights that states hold against the federal government.

Sectionalism

  • Prioritizing regional interests and identity over national unity.

Confederacy & Union

  • The Confederacy represents the alliance of Southern states during the Civil War.
  • The Union represents the Northern states that opposed the Confederate secession.

Compromise

  • An agreement in which both parties concede some demands to resolve a conflict.

Secession

  • The formal withdrawal of a state or group of states from a nation or federation.

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Description

Explore the key events leading up to the American Civil War, including the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the impact of the Fugitive Slave Act. Understand how decisions about slavery in new territories intensified divisions. Learn about popular sovereignty and landmark publications like Uncle Tom's Cabin.

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