American History: French and Indian War Review

Questions and Answers

What was the primary purpose of the Sugar Act?

To raise revenue by taxing sugar and molasses (correct)

To promote the use of local sugar producers

To decrease the price of sugar for colonists

To regulate trade between the colonies and France

What did the Coercive Acts aim to achieve?

To establish peace between colonists and British troops

To encourage cooperation among the colonies

To enforce stricter trading laws in New England

To punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party (correct)

Who was Crispus Attucks?

A leader of the Boston Tea Party

The first casualty of the American Revolution at the Boston Massacre (correct)

An influential orator for colonial rights

A British soldier during the American Revolution

What did the Declaratory Act assert?

Parliament's right to make laws binding the colonies Signup and view all the answers

What was the Mayflower Compact?

An agreement for self-government by the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Boston Massacre?

Increased tensions between colonists and British soldiers Signup and view all the answers

What led to the rise of slavery in North America?

A shortage of laborers Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of the Stamp Act on colonists?

It sparked protests against British taxation Signup and view all the answers

What did the Navigation Acts enforce?

Colonists could only trade with Britain. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the English mercantilism system?

To ensure colonies provided raw materials to Britain. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Boston Massacre?

It escalated tensions between British soldiers and American colonists. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ferdinand Magellan?

The leader of the expedition that first circumnavigated the globe. Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of the Roanoke colony?

The colony disappeared mysteriously. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Act of Supremacy?

A law that declared Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England. Signup and view all the answers

What brought about the Spanish Armada's defeat in 1588?

The weather conditions and stronger English forces. Signup and view all the answers

Why did King Henry VIII seek an annulment from Catherine of Aragon?

Catherine failed to produce a male heir. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Treaty of Paris and Aftermath

The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War, leading to significant territorial changes in North America.
Great Britain gained France’s North American territories, augmenting its colonial footprint.
The war left Great Britain in substantial debt, spurring the need for taxation.

Legislative Actions and Colonial Reactions

The Proclamation of 1763 restricted colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains to reduce conflicts with Native Americans.
The Sugar Act was enacted to raise revenue through taxes on sugar and molasses.
The Stamp Act mandated a tax requiring an official stamp on paper goods, inciting colonial outrage.
The Declaratory Act asserted Parliament's authority to legislate for the colonies.
"No taxation without representation" became a rallying cry against British taxation without colonial representation in Parliament.

Key Events Leading to Revolution

The Boston Tea Party involved colonists protesting against British taxes by dumping tea into Boston Harbor.
Coercive Acts (or Intolerable Acts) aimed to punish Massachusetts following the Boston Tea Party.
The Townshend Acts taxed imported goods, including glass and tea, further irritating the colonies.
Crispus Attucks is recognized as the first casualty of the American Revolution during the Boston Massacre, which heightened tensions between colonists and British troops.

Revolutionary Movements

The Tea Act attempted to aid the struggling British East India Company by allowing direct sales of tea to the colonies.
Paul Revere famously warned of the British advance before the Battles of Lexington and Concord.
The First Continental Congress initiated a boycott of British goods in response to escalating tensions.
The outcome of the Second Continental Congress included the Declaration of Independence and the appointment of George Washington as commander of the Continental Army.

Colonial Foundations

The Mayflower Compact established self-governance among the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony.
Anne Hutchinson was a prominent Puritan leader banished from Massachusetts for her beliefs.
Roger Williams founded Rhode Island after his banishment from Massachusetts, promoting religious tolerance.

Slavery and Trade

The Middle Passage refers to the brutal voyage enslaved Africans underwent across the Atlantic.
A primary cause for the rise of slavery in North America was the shortage of laborers, leading to the replacement of indentured servants with African slaves.
The Stono Rebellion in 1739 was a significant slave uprising in South Carolina.
Within slave communities, Moses symbolized the quest for freedom.

Economic Policies and Exchanges

The Navigation Acts enforced trading exclusively with Britain and dictated that certain goods must pass through British ports.
The Columbian Exchange involved the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds, transforming both ecosystems.

Exploration and Conquest

Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to successfully circumnavigate the globe, marking a significant achievement in exploration.
Hernan Cortez is renowned for conquering the Aztec Empire, altering the course of history in Mexico.

Religious and Political Changes in England

King Henry VIII sought an annulment from Catherine of Aragon due to her inability to provide a male heir.
Anne Boleyn was Henry VIII's second wife and the mother of Queen Elizabeth I, central figures in British history.
The Act of Supremacy recognized Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England, initiating a major religious shift.
Edward VI, Henry VIII's son, succeeded him, continuing the Protestant reformation.
Queen Mary I attempted to restore Catholicism during her reign, while Queen Elizabeth I established Protestantism firmly in England.

Colonial and Global Relations

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal, shaping colonial claims.
The Boston Massacre represented a pivotal confrontation exacerbating colonial grievances against British control.
The English mercantilism system aimed to ensure colonies supplied raw materials to Britain while consuming British goods, promoting economic dependence.
The Intolerable Acts were a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts following the Boston Tea Party, further escalating tensions.

Notable Explorers and Events

Balboa was a Spanish explorer credited as the first European to gaze upon the Pacific Ocean, broadening the European perspective of the world.
The Church of England encouraged piracy against Spanish ships to capture their treasures.
The fate of the Roanoke colony remains a mystery, as it disappeared without a trace.
In 1588, the Spanish Armada was defeated while attempting to invade England, which enhanced English national pride and diminished Spanish dominance.

Settlement Endeavors

Jamestown, established in 1607, was motivated primarily by the search for gold and a route to Asia.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to the French and Indian War and its aftermath, including the Treaty of Paris and subsequent British policies. Test your knowledge on territorial gains, financial impacts, and Acts imposed by Britain following the war.