American History Chapter 5 Quiz

Exploration and Colonization

• Spain's motivations for exploration were "Gold, God, and Glory."
• France's primary motivation was acquiring fur.
• England's motivations included wealth from resources like tobacco and religious freedom.
• Jamestown and Plymouth were significant English settlements, differing in their motivations (Jamestown was initially focused on profit, Plymouth sought religious freedom).

Self-Government

• Mayflower Compact: early example of self-government.
• House of Burgesses: first legislative assembly in the colonies.
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: influenced the development of later written constitutions.
• Magna Carta: influenced the development of governance structures in England and the colonies

Colonial Differences

• New England Colonies: involved in shipping, commerce, fishing, and manufacturing. They did not rely on enslaved labor.
• Middle Colonies: agriculture (livestock, farming) and commerce were important aspects of the economy.
• Southern Colonies: characterized by large-scale agriculture (cash crops like tobacco and later cotton), relying heavily on enslaved labor.

Religious Differences in the Colonies

• Puritans and Separatists (Pilgrims): differed in their desire for reform of the English Church. Puritans sought to purify the Church; Separatists intended to leave it entirely.
• Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were important figures who promoted religious freedom and challenged the strict religious environment in New England, which led them to establishing Rhode Island.
• Maryland: established as a haven for Catholics.

Conflicts and Tensions

• Puritans and Quakers: held differing views on the role of women and Native Americans among other viewpoints.
• King Phillip's War, Pequot War: Conflicts between colonists and Native Americans.
• Mercantilism: theory that a colony's role was to export raw materials to the mother country, adding value in the process.
• Triangular Trade: the trade flow from Africa to the Americas, the Americas to Europe, and Europe to Africa involving enslaved people, raw materials, and manufactured goods.
• Middle Passage: part of the triangular trade that transported enslaved Africans across the Atlantic.
• Salutary Neglect: period of British disengagement from the American colonies following the Navigation Acts, that lasted for many years, which allowed the colonies to practice self-governance.

Causes of the American Revolution

• Navigation Acts: laws that regulated trade between England and its colonies to benefit the mother country.
• French and Indian War: The British victory led to significant debt.
• Taxation without Representation: Colonists' resentment of being taxed by the British Parliament without having representatives in it.
• Proclamation of 1763: British decree that prohibited colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains, to please Native Americans. Colonists saw this as a restriction of their freedoms.
• Intolerable Acts: Series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party.
• Acts like the Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Quartering Act, Tea Act, and Intolerable Acts: These acts and other events further fueled colonial resentment.
• Enlightenment Ideals: Concepts of natural rights, liberty, and self-government.
• Enlightenment philosophers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
• Great Awakening: religious revival in the colonies.

Revolution

• Declaration of Independence: A formal declaration stating the reasons why the thirteen colonies sought to separate from Great Britain, declaring independence from the British Crown.
• Articles of Confederation: first governing document of the newly formed United States, which proved too weak of a central government.
• Constitution: governing document for the United States, establishing a framework of the federal government and outlining its powers.
• Founding Fathers: key figures like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison.

US Constitution

• Main Principles: Federalism, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Popular Sovereignty, and Judicial Review
• Compromises: Great Compromise, 3/5 Compromise, and Commerce Compromise
• Amendments and Bill of Rights