American History Chapter 14 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are nativists?

Americans and others who opposed immigration

What was the Know-Nothing Party?

A political organization founded in 1849 by the Nativists that supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and hold office.

Define middle-class.

A social and economic level between the wealthy and the poor

What were the rules of baseball?

Formalized in 1845, and the game became increasingly popular Signup and view all the answers

What are tenements?

Poorly designed apartment buildings that housed large numbers of people. Signup and view all the answers

What is transcendentalism?

The belief that people could transcend, or rise above, material things in life Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson?

A popular writer and thinker who argued that Americans should disregard institutions and follow their own beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry David Thoreau?

Advised self-reliance and simple living away from society; wrote the book WALDEN. Signup and view all the answers

What are Utopian communities?

Groups of people who tried to form a perfect society Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote The Scarlet Letter?

Nathaniel Hawthorne Signup and view all the answers

Who became famous for the poem called 'The Raven'?

Edgar Allan Poe Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the famous poem written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow?

The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the novel Little Women?

Louisa May Alcott Signup and view all the answers

What was the Second Great Awakening?

A Christian renewal movement that some Americans took part in during the 1790s and early 1800s Signup and view all the answers

Who was Charles Grandison Finney?

One of the most important leaders of the Second Great Awakening Signup and view all the answers

What was the Temperance Movement?

A reform effort that urged people to use self-discipline to stop drinking hard liquor Signup and view all the answers

Who was Dorthea Dix?

A middle-class reformer who improved conditions for mentally ill people Signup and view all the answers

What was the Common-School Movement?

Advocates wanted all children taught in a common place, regardless of background Signup and view all the answers

Who was Horace Mann?

A leader in the Common-School Movement who believed in free education for all students Signup and view all the answers

What did Catharine Beecher do?

Started an all-female academy in Hartford, Connecticut Signup and view all the answers

What was the Troy Female Seminary?

The first college-level educational system available to women, opened by Emma Willard in 1821 Signup and view all the answers

Who was Thomas Gallaudet?

He improved the education and lives of people with hearing impairments. Signup and view all the answers

Where did Free African Americans usually live?

In segregated communities in the North, such as New York, Boston, and Philadelphia Signup and view all the answers

What were slaveholders fearful of?

That education and knowledge might encourage a spirit of revolt among enslaved African Americans Signup and view all the answers

What does abolition mean?

A complete end to slavery Signup and view all the answers

What was Liberia?

A colony for freed African Americans founded in 1822 in West Africa Signup and view all the answers

Who published an abolitionist newspaper called The Liberator?

William Lloyd Garrison Signup and view all the answers

What was the American Anti-Slavery Society?

Founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1833, advocating for immediate emancipation and racial equality. Signup and view all the answers

Who were Angelina and Sarah Grimke?

Two white southern women who were antislavery activists in the 1830s Signup and view all the answers

Who was Frederick Douglass?

Escaped from slavery at 20 and became an important African American leader. Signup and view all the answers

What did Sojourner Truth proclaim?

That God had called her to preach the truth about slavery and women's rights. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Underground Railroad?

A network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitives. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Harriet Tubman?

A conductor on the Underground Railroad who led many slaves to freedom. Signup and view all the answers

What are bounty hunters known for?

Capturing and returning fugitive slaves found in free states. Signup and view all the answers

What did women's rights activists find unacceptable?

That women were not allowed to vote or sit on juries. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

The first public meeting about women's rights held in the United States. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Declaration of Sentiments?

A document detailing beliefs about social injustice toward women. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Lucy Stone?

A well-known spokesperson for her Anti-Slavery Society. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Susan B. Anthony?

Brought strong organizational skills to the women's rights movement. Signup and view all the answers

Who helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. Signup and view all the answers

How many immigrants crossed the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the United States?

More than 4 million Signup and view all the answers

Where were most immigrants from during the mid-1800s?

Most immigrants from the British Isles were from Ireland. Signup and view all the answers

Why did some Germans immigrate to the United States?

To escape persecution caused by their political activities. Signup and view all the answers

What did the United States offer to immigrants?

Greater economic opportunity and more freedom from government control. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nativism and Political Movements

Nativists opposed immigration, advocating for policies that favored native-born citizens.
The Know-Nothing Party, founded in 1849, sought to restrict foreign-born individuals from gaining citizenship or holding office.

The middle class emerged as a distinct social group situated between the wealthy and the poor.
Tenements were poorly designed and overcrowded apartment buildings, often unsanitary and unsafe for residents.

Cultural Developments

Baseball's rules were formalized in 1845, contributing to the sport's popularity in America.
Transcendentalism promoted the idea of rising above material concerns, emphasizing individualism and self-reliance.

Influential Thinkers and Writers

Ralph Waldo Emerson encouraged Americans to prioritize personal beliefs over societal institutions.
Henry David Thoreau's work, WALDEN, reflected his advocacy for simple living in harmony with nature.
Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter explored the complexities of Puritan life.
Edgar Allan Poe gained fame for his poem "The Raven," embodying themes of dark romanticism.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is noted for "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere," celebrating American history.
Louisa May Alcott authored Little Women, detailing the lives of four sisters pre-Civil War.

Religious Movements

The Second Great Awakening was a Christian revival movement that influenced many Americans in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Charles Grandison Finney emerged as a significant leader during this religious revival.

Reform Movements

The Temperance movement aimed to reduce alcohol consumption through self-discipline.
Dorthea Dix advocated for the rights of the mentally ill, leading to the establishment of over 100 state hospitals.

Education Reforms

The Common-School Movement sought to provide universal education regardless of background.
Horace Mann was a key figure in advocating for free public education, while Catharine Beecher founded an all-female academy in Connecticut.
Emma Willard established the Troy Female Seminary, the first college-level institution for women.
Thomas Gallaudet played a vital role in improving education for the hearing impaired, founding a free school in 1817.

African American Experiences

Free African Americans primarily lived in segregated communities in Northern cities like New York and Boston.
Slaveholders feared that education could incite revolts among enslaved African Americans.
Abolition represented the total cessation of slavery, with Liberia established in 1822 as a colony for freed African Americans.

Abolitionist Movement

William Lloyd Garrison founded The Liberator, an influential abolitionist newspaper, in 1831.
The American Anti-Slavery Society, established by Garrison in 1833, called for immediate emancipation and racial equality.
Angelina and Sarah Grimke were prominent white southern anti-slavery activists, with Angelica publishing impactful pamphlets.
Frederick Douglass became a leading African American figure, advocating for abolition and women's rights after his escape from slavery.
Sojourner Truth became known for her powerful speeches promoting anti-slavery and women's rights.

Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad was a secret network assisting escaped slaves in reaching freedom.
Harriet Tubman was a notable conductor on the Underground Railroad, having freed many slaves after her own escape.

Women's Rights Movement

Women's rights activists fought against social injustices, including lack of voting rights and property control.
The Seneca Falls Convention marked the first organized meeting for women's rights in the U.S.
The Declaration of Sentiments was a foundational document outlining grievances against societal norms.

Key Figures in Women's Rights

Lucy Stone was an outspoken advocate for both abolition and women's rights.
Susan B. Anthony worked to politicize the movement, emphasizing equal rights in pay and property law.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was instrumental in organizing the Seneca Falls Convention and co-authored the Declaration of Sentiments.

Immigration Patterns

Over 4 million immigrants arrived in the U.S. in the mid-19th century, largely from Ireland and Germany.
Irish immigrants, fleeing the 1840s potato blight, faced starvation and disease, with over a million fatalities.
German immigrants sought refuge from political unrest and oppression, primarily coming for economic opportunities.

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Test your knowledge of key terms from American History Chapter 14 with these flashcards. Explore important concepts such as nativism, the Know-Nothing Party, and the social dynamics of the middle class. Ideal for students looking to strengthen their understanding of this significant period in U.S. history.