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Questions and Answers
What was the architectural style introduced by the Americans in the Philippines aside from Neoclassicism?
Which building in Manila, constructed during the American colonial era, had a facade resembling a stage with a focal point at a central stained glass window?
In what year did the Americans construct the first building of a permanent nature in Manila?
Which Filipino architect introduced Art Deco to the Philippines after being exposed to the style in Europe?
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Which movement brought Neoclassicism to Manila's architecture during the American colonial period?
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Which city's city planning did Burnham envision with a city image reflecting Eurocentric optimism?
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Which architectural style challenged the dominance of Neoclassical style in local practice when it arrived in the Philippines during the 20th century?
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When did Art Deco arrive in the Philippines, challenging the dominance of Neoclassical style?
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Which architect from the second generation introduced Art Deco to the Philippines due to their influence from European travels?
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What style did second-generation Filipino architects introduce to the Philippines through their exposure to the new style during their travels to Europe?
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Study Notes
American Colonial Rule and City Planning
- Spain ceded the Philippines to America in 1898, paving the way for American colonial rule.
- Americans introduced modern amenities, including the use of toilets and a "pail conservancy system" in 1902, to improve the quality of life.
City Planning and Architectural Styles
- Daniel Burnham was invited as a consultant on urban concerns, and William Parsons was invited as a consulting architect.
- The City Beautiful movement aimed to improve cities and citizens' mindset by creating open spaces, symmetric government centers, and recreational areas.
- The movement was inspired by the Beaux Arts and Neoclassical styles, which emphasized beauty, civic loyalty, and European-style architecture.
- Edgar Bourne was appointed head of the Bureau of Architecture in 1912 to oversee urban planning and construction.
Architectural Styles Introduced
- Mission Revival style was introduced, based on Spanish missions in the American southwest.
- Neoclassical style was introduced, inspired by ancient Roman and Greek architecture.
- Art Deco style was introduced in the 20th century by Filipino architects trained in American universities.
- Notable examples of architectural styles include the Metropolitan Theater (1931) with its Art Deco facade.
Urban Planning in Manila and Baguio
- Burnham envisioned Manila as a city with a Eurocentric image, highlighting its natural possessions like rivers and waterfront.
- Burnham specified zones for civic and recreational buildings in Manila, including a proposed Capitol Building.
- Baguio was designed with a focus on providing a street system that adapted to changing contours and suitable locations for public institutions.
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Description
Learn about the American colonial rule in the Philippines after Spain ceded the country in 1898 and how it influenced city planning. Explore the contributions of Americans to the economic, social, and cultural development of the Philippines, especially in education and health.
