American Colonial Period in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary purpose defined by President McKinley for U.S. colonization of the Philippines?

To exploit natural resources for American benefit

To establish military bases throughout the archipelago

To educate, civilize, and uplift Filipinos (correct)

To promote Spanish culture and language

What significant change in language occurred in Philippine literature during the American colonial period?

Literature shifted from Filipino languages to Chinese

Spanish literature became the dominant form

All literary works were translated into French

There was a total shift from Spanish to American English (correct)

Which institution was pivotal in the establishment of English as a medium of higher education in the Philippines during the American period?

San Beda University

University of the Philippines (correct)

Ateneo de Manila University

National University

Who were the first English teachers brought to the Philippines during the American occupation?

American soldiers Signup and view all the answers

What was 'El Renacimiento' known for in the context of Philippine literature?

It was the first to publish English works by Filipino writers Signup and view all the answers

What publication was founded by McCullough Dick and D.Theo Rogers?

Philippines Free Press Signup and view all the answers

During which decade did Philippine literature in Spanish start to lose its prominence?

1900s Signup and view all the answers

When was English established as the medium of instruction in the public school system in the Philippines?

1900 Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary aim of Filipino students during the apprenticeship period from 1910 to 1925?

To imitate American and English writers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of literary pieces predominantly emerged due to the imitation of American literature by Filipino writers?

Romantic tales and adventures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following works is identified as the first English novel by a Filipino author?

A Child of Sorrow Signup and view all the answers

What theme is conveyed in the story 'Dead Stars' by Paz Marques Benitez?

Forbidden love Signup and view all the answers

What did plays during the apprenticeship period primarily focus on?

Emotional experiences Signup and view all the answers

What type of poetry is characterized by a lack of regular meter and rhyme?

Free verse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following works discussed themes of revolution and patriotism?

Se deshojo la Flor Signup and view all the answers

Which literary theory was dominant in the American literary criticism during the middle of the 20th century?

New Criticism Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Emergence Period in Filipino literature?

Self-discovery and rapid growth in writing Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant objective of Filipino writers during the Emergence Period?

To create a national literature reflecting Filipino life Signup and view all the answers

Which genre was notably overshadowed during this period?

Sarzuela Signup and view all the answers

What shift occurred in the writing style during the Emergence Period?

From romantic idealism to romantic realism Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Emergence Period have on future Filipino writers?

It established a foundation for unique local literature. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The American Colonial Period (1898-1945)

Marked by the outbreak of the Spanish-American War in April 1898.
President McKinley emphasized the goals of U.S. colonization: to educate, civilize, and uplift Filipinos.
Transition from Spanish to American literature occurred, highlighting Filipino experiences despite literature being in English.
Literature in Spanish began to decline during the first decade of American rule.

The Re-Orientation Period (1898-1910)

English became the primary literary language during American occupation starting August 13, 1898.
Establishment of the public school system in 1900 promoted English as the medium of instruction.
American soldiers served as the first English teachers in the Philippines.
By 1908, English was the language of instruction in primary and intermediate grades.
Founding of the University of the Philippines marked a significant point for English in higher education.
"El Renacimiento," edited by Rafael Palma, was the first newspaper to publish English works by Filipino writers.
Notable Filipino English writers include:
- Justo Juliano, author of "Sursum Corda," the first literary work in English published in 1907.
- Philippines Free Press, established by McCullough Dick & D. Theo Rogers, first private publication for English works.

The Apprenticeship or Imitation Period (1910-1925)

Filipino writers began to imitate the styles and themes of American and English literature.
Literary works included essays, short stories, and poems influenced by foreign authors.
Dominant themes included romance, adventures, and reflections on social, economic, and political issues.
Notable works:
- "Dead Stars" by Paz Marquez Benitez (1920) explores forbidden love.
- "A Child of Sorrow" by Zoilo Galang (1921), first English novel by a Filipino, centers on lovers Rosa and Lucio.
- "Se deshojo la Flor" by Balmori (1915) and "Crisalidas" by Ma. Guerrero discuss revolution and patriotism.

Poetic Styles

Free Verse: Poetry that lacks regular meter and rhyme.
New Criticism: A formalist movement emphasizing close reading of literature as self-contained aesthetic objects.

The Emergence Period (1925-1941)

Characterized by self-discovery and rapid growth in Filipino literature.
Original works emerged, showcasing better control over language and experimentation with forms.
Focus on creating a national literature reflecting Filipino life and values.
The period laid a crucial foundation for future writers and emphasized exploring local stories and Filipino identity.
Shift in drama from sarzuela to English drama, with new educational materials published such as "Philippine Prose and Poetry."
Transition in literary style from romantic idealism to romantic realism.
- Notable works: "Kasaysayan ng Magkaibigang Neng at Neneng" by Ruth Elynia S. Mabanglo, "Pinaglahuan" by Faustino S. Aguilar, and "Kathambuhay-Banaag at Sikat" by Lope K. Santos.

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Description

Explore the American colonial period in the Philippines from 1898 to 1945. This quiz covers key events, policies, and the impact of American colonization on Filipino society and literature. Test your knowledge on how the shift from Spanish to American influence transformed the country.