222 Alzheimer's Disease Overview
50 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What structural change is characterized by twisted fibrous tissues with abnormal tau protein in Alzheimer's Disease?

  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Neuritic plaques
  • Neurofibrillary tangles (correct)
  • Synaptic clefts

    • Genetic factors are the definitive cause of Alzheimer's Disease.

    False

    What is one of the primary neurotransmitter abnormalities associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease?

    Acetylcholine

    The most common type of dementia is ____________.

    <p>Alzheimer's Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following risk factors with their descriptions in relation to Alzheimer's Disease:

    <p>Age = Increased risk after 65 Gender = Women are more likely affected APOE = Genetic association not definitive CVD = Chronic condition that may contribute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is most appropriate for a nurse to take if a client experiences a tonic-clonic seizure?

    <p>Lower the client gently to the floor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client with late-stage Alzheimer’s disease should have input into advance care planning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supplement should be taken daily according to the health guidelines?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nurse should report a pulse greater than _____ beats/min to the provider.

    <p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following findings with their corresponding conditions:

    <p>Lewy body dementia = Early Parkinson's disease Resting tremors of the arms = Early Parkinson's disease Inability to chew or swallow food = Late-stage Alzheimer's disease Urinary incontinence = Late-stage Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease should the nurse include in the teaching?

    <p>Traumatic brain injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing action is most appropriate for a client with early-stage Alzheimer disease?

    <p>Provide a structured environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health teaching statement promotes a positive perspective for caregivers?

    <p>Set aside time each day for rest or recreation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client with migraines should avoid missing any meals to manage triggers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a client with moderate-stage Alzheimer's disease, forgetting neighbors' names is a common assessment finding.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drug may be prescribed for a client with Parkinson’s disease experiencing auditory hallucinations?

    <p>Pimavanserin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety instruction should be prioritized before a client begins taking rasagiline?

    <p>Avoid foods, drinks, and drugs that contain tyramine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse assess if a client appears frightened at their dining room table?

    <p>Assess surroundings for sensory stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The caregiver should avoid assuming that the client with Alzheimer’s disease cannot understand any __________.

    <p>communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client prescribed ropinirole should be advised to move ______ when changing position.

    <p>slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement by a family caregiver indicates a need for further instruction regarding communication with a client with Alzheimer’s disease?

    <p>I will assume the client cannot understand any communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is important to include when teaching about the use of propranolol for migraine prevention?

    <p>Report any worsening of headache frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following drugs with their indications:

    <p>Levodopa = Parkinson's disease Ubrogepant = Migraines Pimavanserin = Auditory hallucinations Sumatriptan = Acute migraine attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Alzheimer’s assessment findings to their corresponding stages:

    <p>Unable to dress = Moderate stage Forgets neighbors' names = Moderate stage Demonstrates agnosia = Moderate stage Gets lost when traveling = Moderate stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ropinirole can cause drowsiness, so clients should be advised not to drive or operate machinery.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clients taking ropinirole should report if the drug causes worse trouble with ______ movements.

    <p>motor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the nurse’s discharge instructions?

    <p>I will report any chest pain right away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Placing a tongue blade in the mouth is an appropriate action during a seizure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the priority intervention for a client admitted with bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Assess neurologic status at least every 2 to 4 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The side effect of ______ is of greatest concern for a client receiving propranolol.

    <p>slow heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health problem is associated with vascular dementia?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following seizure precautions with their descriptions:

    <p>Padded tongue blade at the bedside = To prevent biting the tongue Intravenous (IV) access = For medication administration if necessary Moderate sedation = To control seizure activity Suction equipment at the bedside = To maintain airway patency Side rails raised = To prevent injury during a seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wandering is an expected assessment finding in a client diagnosed with moderate Alzheimer's disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common assessment finding in a client with middle stage Alzheimer’s disease?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of dementia involves complete dependence and loss of mobility?

    <p>Late stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parkinson's disease begins as a bilateral disorder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main neurotransmitter that is decreased in Parkinson's disease due to the degeneration of the substantia nigra?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Migraines often come with an aura, which includes symptoms of the _____ nervous system signaling an onset.

    <p>central</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following seizure types with their descriptions:

    <p>Tonic-clonic = Lasts 2 to 5 minutes with loss of consciousness Myoclonic = Brief jerking of limbs that may occur individually or in groups Atonic = Sudden loss of muscle tone leading to falls Complex partial = Patient is unaware and may wander or black out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for migraines?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All forms of seizures involve both cerebral hemispheres.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one pharmacologic treatment for managing cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

    <p>Pimavanserin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Seizures that involve a sudden loss of muscle tone are referred to as _____ seizures.

    <p>atonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of meningitis with their characteristics:

    <p>Viral meningitis = Most common type, caused by enteroviruses Bacterial meningitis = Medical emergency and highly contagious Tuberculous meningitis = Caused by tuberculosis bacteria Fungal meningitis = Often seen in individuals with weakened immune systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment tool is used to detect amyloid in patients suspected of having Alzheimer's?

    <p>PET scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can occur as a result of meningitis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one nonpharmacologic strategy to manage memory and cognitive dysfunction in dementia?

    <p>Cognitive stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ precautions should be taken for patients with bacterial meningitis.

    <p>droplet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major contributor to the symptoms of migraine?

    <p>Activation of trigeminovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the state following a seizure?

    <p>Postictal state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Alzheimer's Disease

    • Most common type of dementia
    • Structural changes:
      • Neurofibrillary tangles: twisted fibrous tissues with abnormal tau protein, impairing impulse ability between neurons
      • Neuritic plaques: degenerating nerve terminals with abnormal beta-amyloid, impairing neuronal transmission
    • Neurotransmitter abnormalities: acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, impairing cognition, recent memory, and new memory acquisition
    • Etiology & Genetic Risk: exact cause unknown, risk factors include age over 65, gender (women more likely), apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, cardiovascular disease, smoking, traumatic brain injury, environmental agents, immunologic changes, stress, sleep deprivation, and Down syndrome
    • Health Promotion/Disease Prevention: no way to prevent, but diet, exercise, smoking & drinking cessation can help

    Recognize Cues: Assessment

    • History from family members: onset, duration, progression, course of symptoms
    • Functional status (ADLs): changes
    • Personality changes
    • Physical Assessment: Stages (early, moderate, severe)
      • Early: independent but with memory lapses; deny symptoms, forget names, misplace items
      • Moderate: longest stage with significant cognitive decline; longest stage with lot of changes to all cognitive functions
      • Late: completely dependent, bedridden; lose mobility and verbal skills; cognitive decline severe

    Parkinson's Disease

    • Pathophysiology: progressive neurodegenerative disease; decreased dopamine production due to substantia nigra degeneration, increasing acetylcholine levels, causing involuntary movements.
    • Begins unilaterally (one side), progresses to complete dependency.
    • Four cardinal signs: tremors, rigidity (muscle), akinesia/bradykinesia, postural instability.
    • Other signs: constipation, soft voice, micrographia (small, cramped handwriting), loss of smell, sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbances.

    Migraines

    • Recurrent episodic head pain often with nausea, photosensitivity, and sound sensitivity.
    • Thought to be caused by activation of the trigeminovascular system (TVS), leading to vasodilation, tissue swelling & throbbing pain
    • Triggers: caffeine, red wine, MSG, intense light, stress, excessive fatigue, change in weather, products containing tyramine, preservatives, artificial sweeteners
    • Chronic (occur more than 15 days/month)
    • Episodic (occur fewer than 15 days/month)
    • Management often with Abortive drug therapy (e.g., NSAIDs, caffeine, triptans, etc.)

    Seizures & Epilepsy

    • Seizure: sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in brain neurons
    • Epilepsy: chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
    • Types of Seizures: generalized (involve both hemispheres) e.g., tonic-clonic, myoclonic, atonic. Partial (focal, local) e.g. complex partial

    Meningitis

    • Infection of the meninges (covering of the brain and spinal cord) often by bacteria or viruses.
    • Organisms cause damage by entering bloodstream, or direct entry (e.g., trauma, surgery)
    • Outcomes: increased intracranial pressure, changes in cerebral blood flow, thrombi formation
    • Bacterial vs Viral; Bacterial e.g. Meningococcal, Streptococcal are life threatening emergencies.
    • Symptoms: fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status, photophobia.

    Additional Notes

    • Specific assessments and interventions will vary based on the identified disorder.
    • Always consult the client's health record for any additional information.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Nurs222 Exam 3 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential aspects of Alzheimer's disease, including its structural changes, neurotransmitter abnormalities, and genetic risks. Learn about the implications for cognition and memory, as well as health promotion strategies to mitigate risk factors. Test your knowledge on the most common type of dementia and its diagnostic cues.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser