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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of prion disorders?
Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of prion disorders?
- Gastrointestinal symptoms
- Musculoskeletal symptoms
- Cognitive symptoms (correct)
- Respiratory symptoms
What is the incidence of prion disorders per million per year?
What is the incidence of prion disorders per million per year?
- 85
- 39
- 1 (correct)
- 20
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic step for prion disorders?
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic step for prion disorders?
- Neuroimaging
- Blood screen
- Electroencephalogram (EEG) (correct)
- Neuropsychological assessment
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dementia?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dementia?
What is the expected community prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
What is the expected community prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of dementia?
Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of dementia?
Which of the following is a key neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a key neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?
Which protein is primarily responsible for the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
Which protein is primarily responsible for the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a typical presentation of Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a typical presentation of Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is the second most common degenerative form of dementia?
Which of the following is the second most common degenerative form of dementia?
What is the main protein component of Lewy bodies?
What is the main protein component of Lewy bodies?
Which region of the brain is mainly affected in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD)?
Which region of the brain is mainly affected in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD)?
What is the most common mechanism causing vascular dementia?
What is the most common mechanism causing vascular dementia?
Which of the following best describes dementia?
Which of the following best describes dementia?
What is the relationship between the pathology of dementia disorders and the symptoms they cause?
What is the relationship between the pathology of dementia disorders and the symptoms they cause?
How long does cognitive decline need to last for a diagnosis of dementia?
How long does cognitive decline need to last for a diagnosis of dementia?
Which of the following is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease?
Which brain region is primarily affected in Alzheimer's disease?
Which brain region is primarily affected in Alzheimer's disease?
Which type of drugs are commonly used to treat Alzheimer's disease?
Which type of drugs are commonly used to treat Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia?
Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia?
What is the minimum duration of history needed to confidently diagnose dementia?
What is the minimum duration of history needed to confidently diagnose dementia?
Which of the following is a common feature of Lewy body dementia?
Which of the following is a common feature of Lewy body dementia?
Which age group is more likely to have frontotemporal lobe degeneration disorders?
Which age group is more likely to have frontotemporal lobe degeneration disorders?
What is the main pathological entity found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease?
What is the main pathological entity found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease?
Which metabolic pathway leads to the formation of amyloid beta peptides?
Which metabolic pathway leads to the formation of amyloid beta peptides?
Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving the amyloid beta protein in a way that does not lead to the formation of beta amyloid peptides?
Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving the amyloid beta protein in a way that does not lead to the formation of beta amyloid peptides?
Which genetic mutations are associated with familial Alzheimer's disease?
Which genetic mutations are associated with familial Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a microscopic change observed in dementia disorders?
Which of the following is a microscopic change observed in dementia disorders?
Which of the following is an extracellular protein pathology seen in dementia disorders?
Which of the following is an extracellular protein pathology seen in dementia disorders?
Which of the following is a macroscopic finding in dementia disorders?
Which of the following is a macroscopic finding in dementia disorders?
Which type of dementia is characterized by a more global pattern of cortical volume loss?
Which type of dementia is characterized by a more global pattern of cortical volume loss?
Which protein is primarily responsible for stabilizing microtubules in the cellular transport system?
Which protein is primarily responsible for stabilizing microtubules in the cellular transport system?
What happens when tau protein becomes over-phosphorylated?
What happens when tau protein becomes over-phosphorylated?
What is the main consequence of over-phosphorylated tau protein detaching from microtubules?
What is the main consequence of over-phosphorylated tau protein detaching from microtubules?
Which pathological process follows the deposition of amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease?
Which pathological process follows the deposition of amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease?
What are the two main proteins involved in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease?
What are the two main proteins involved in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease?
What is the key neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?
What is the key neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?
Which protein is responsible for some forms of frontotemporal dementia?
Which protein is responsible for some forms of frontotemporal dementia?
What is the main protein component of Lewy bodies?
What is the main protein component of Lewy bodies?
Which of the following best describes dementia?
Which of the following best describes dementia?
What is the relationship between the pathology of dementia disorders and the symptoms they cause?
What is the relationship between the pathology of dementia disorders and the symptoms they cause?
What is the expected community prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
What is the expected community prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of dementia?
Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of dementia?
Which type of dementia is characterized by changes in behavior and personality, and may include features such as becoming more irritable or impulsive?
Which type of dementia is characterized by changes in behavior and personality, and may include features such as becoming more irritable or impulsive?
Which protein is primarily responsible for the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
Which protein is primarily responsible for the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a microscopic change observed in dementia disorders?
Which of the following is a microscopic change observed in dementia disorders?
Which system is primarily affected in Alzheimer's disease?
Which system is primarily affected in Alzheimer's disease?
Which type of drugs are commonly used to treat Alzheimer's disease?
Which type of drugs are commonly used to treat Alzheimer's disease?
Which cells are activated in the inflammatory reaction in the brain?
Which cells are activated in the inflammatory reaction in the brain?
Which protein is primarily responsible for stabilizing microtubules in the cellular transport system?
Which protein is primarily responsible for stabilizing microtubules in the cellular transport system?
What is the main consequence of over-phosphorylated tau protein detaching from microtubules?
What is the main consequence of over-phosphorylated tau protein detaching from microtubules?
What is the key neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?
What is the key neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?
What is the relationship between the pathology of dementia disorders and the symptoms they cause?
What is the relationship between the pathology of dementia disorders and the symptoms they cause?
Which protein is primarily responsible for the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
Which protein is primarily responsible for the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
What is the main protein component of Lewy bodies?
What is the main protein component of Lewy bodies?
Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia?
Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia?
What is the main consequence of over-phosphorylated tau protein detaching from microtubules?
What is the main consequence of over-phosphorylated tau protein detaching from microtubules?
Which cognitive domain is primarily affected in dementia disorders?
Which cognitive domain is primarily affected in dementia disorders?
Which age group is more likely to have frontotemporal lobe degeneration disorders?
Which age group is more likely to have frontotemporal lobe degeneration disorders?
Which condition is considered a primary neurodegenerative dementia?
Which condition is considered a primary neurodegenerative dementia?
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for cleaving the amyloid beta protein in a way that leads to the formation of beta amyloid peptides?
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for cleaving the amyloid beta protein in a way that leads to the formation of beta amyloid peptides?
Which of the following proteins is primarily responsible for the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following proteins is primarily responsible for the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following genetic mutations can cause familial Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following genetic mutations can cause familial Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease?
Study Notes
Dementia: Neurobiology and Clinical Aspects
- Dementia is a syndrome caused by various disorders that start years before clinical manifestation.
- Dementia is characterized by a decline in memory and cognitive abilities, lasting at least 6 months and with progressive symptoms.
- Prevalence of dementia: 50-60% Alzheimer's disease (AD), 15% vascular dementia (VaD), 10-15% Lewy body dementias, 1-2% frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
- Common presenting symptoms of dementia include forgetfulness, difficulties learning new things, social withdrawal, and personality changes.
- Neuropathology of dementia disorders includes intra and extra neuronal changes, such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
- Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein.
- Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease include age, vascular risk factors, lack of exercise, low education, diet, family history, and genetic factors.
- Typical presentation of Alzheimer's disease includes impaired episodic memory, visuospatial dysfunction, and executive dysfunction.
- Lewy body dementias, including dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia, are the second most common degenerative form of dementia.
- Lewy bodies are present in up to 30% of all autopsy dementia samples and are composed of alpha-synuclein protein.
- Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease in people under 65.
- Vascular dementia is not a neurodegenerative dementia but is often associated with vascular pathology and can have heterogeneous clinical manifestations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Lewy body dementia, a form of degenerative dementia. Learn about its two forms, Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia, and its prevalence among the population. Discover key facts and statistics in this informative quiz.
