Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Overview

<p>Sudden increase in physical strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The condition can be managed, but there is no cure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A family history of ADRD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To build relationships and provide personalized care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of three clear stages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimizing hazards such as blocked pathways. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic, reduced blood flow to the brain, often due to strokes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strokes so small that they are often not immediately noticeable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stepwise decline with periods of stability followed by further decline. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin deficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden confusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing strokes through practical strategies and lifestyle changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering cognitive tests to monitor deterioration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older age, specific genetic factors, and chronic brain inflammation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forgetting recent events and struggling with conversations or names. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased agitation, wandering, and inappropriate social behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased confusion and agitation in the evening. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced verbal communication abilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding eye contact to reduce overstimulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Considering the person's history, preferences and emotional state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistent memory loss, more pronounced than in early Alzheimers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of Lewy bodies in specific brain areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its' symptoms overlap with those of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DLB typically occurs sporadically with no known family history of the disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent visual hallucinations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistent and predictable difficulty in understanding complex instructions, even in early stages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acknowledge the hallucinations calmly but gently redirect their focus to the present. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle rigidity, slowed movement, tremors, and a shuffling gait. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focus on non-verbal cues and visual aids to facilitate understanding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain structure and routine to reduce behavioral triggers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physical effects of a disease process or injury. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PDD develops after motor symptoms have been present for some years. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In PDD, motor symptoms occur first, while in DLB, cognitive symptoms appear earlier or concurrently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prions, which trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mute, rigid state, potentially comatose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disease is often rapidly fatal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roughly 1 year from the onset of symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining safety, providing comfort, and supporting the family (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term cognitive impairments due to chronic substance abuse or toxic substance exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unsteady gait and difficulty walking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confabulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute and potentially reversible condition, often leading to Korsakoff syndrome which is chronic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to make new memories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dementia that develops as a result of another medical condition or injury. Examples include dementia caused by head trauma or HIV infection.

Dementia that is not a result of another condition. For example, Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, affecting over 64% of Canadians with dementia.

Characterized by plaques and tangles in the brain. There is no cure, but medications can slow its progression.

The first stage of ADRD, characterized by mild memory loss, difficulty with tasks, and language problems.

The more advanced stage of ADRD, characterized by significant memory loss, disorientation, and personality changes.

Losing interest in activities, friends, and family. It could indicate a change in personality or behavior.

Cognitive challenges include difficulty understanding numbers, using calculators, or recognizing medical emergencies.

A person with Alzheimer's disease should be treated as an individual with unique preferences, history, and feelings.

A helpful communication strategy involves using clear, simple language and short sentences for individuals with Alzheimer's disease.

Signs of Alzheimer's disease may include initial forgetfulness, trouble with daily activities, and difficulty finding words.

Communication challenges in Alzheimer's can include difficulty finding words, understanding conversations, and repeating questions.

Factors influencing the development of Alzheimer's include genetics, age, lifestyle, and brain changes.

Symptoms of Alzheimer's can include impaired judgment, difficulty learning new information, and changes in sleep patterns.

Techniques to support individuals with Alzheimer's disease include using clear language, maintaining eye contact, and providing non-verbal cues.

A common dementia type caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often due to strokes, leading to gradual cognitive decline.

Small, silent strokes that may not cause noticeable symptoms but contribute to brain damage over time.

A type of vascular dementia caused by narrowing of blood vessels in the brain, impacting blood flow.

Temporary blood flow disruptions to the brain, often a precursor to stroke, causing brief neurological symptoms.

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of plaque inside arteries, narrowing them and potentially blocking blood flow.

A hallmark of vascular dementia, this refers to a step-by-step progression of cognitive decline, with periods of stability followed by deterioration.

The ability to think clearly and solve problems, affected by vascular dementia, causing slowed response times and difficulty with complex tasks.

A common symptom of vascular dementia, particularly following a stroke, where one side of the body experiences weakness or paralysis.

A brain disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, fluctuating alertness, visual hallucinations, and Parkinson's disease-like motor symptoms.

Abnormal protein deposits found in the brains of people with DLB, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

DLB usually develops without a family history, but a genetic link to dementia or Parkinson's disease might increase the risk.

Frequent, detailed hallucinations of people or animals, often occurring early in the disease.

Slowed movement, muscle stiffness, tremors, and a shuffling gait, similar to Parkinson's disease.

Fluctuations in awareness and alertness, including drowsiness, lethargy, and periods of staring into space.

Adapt communication based on the patient's changing abilities. Acknowledge hallucinations and gently redirect focus.

The symptoms of DLB can overlap with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, making diagnosis challenging.

A type of dementia that affects people with Parkinson's disease, characterized by motor symptoms like tremors and stiffness followed by cognitive decline.

Abnormal proteins that can cause normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally, leading to brain damage and dementia.

A rare, fatal brain disorder caused by prions, leading to rapid cognitive and motor decline.

A pattern of communication where non-verbal cues and visual aids are emphasized for people with significant language difficulties.

Maintaining a structured environment and routines to reduce behavioral triggers in people with dementia.

Offering opportunities for meaningful engagement to combat apathy and foster connection in individuals with dementia.

The key difference between PDD and DLB is the order of symptom onset: PDD starts with motor problems, while DLB has cognitive symptoms first or concurrently.

Cognitive impairment caused by prolonged substance abuse or exposure to toxic substances, even after stopping the substance use.

A severe thiamine deficiency (Vitamin B1) that causes neurological damage, often linked to chronic alcohol abuse.

The acute phase of WKS characterized by confusion, unsteady gait, and eye problems.

The chronic phase of WKS with persistent memory loss and inability to form new memories.

The inability to form new memories, a hallmark of Korsakoff Syndrome.

The fabrication of memories to fill gaps in memory, often seen in Korsakoff Syndrome.

Untreated Wernicke's Encephalopathy progresses into Korsakoff Syndrome.