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Questions and Answers

What type of bone is involved in a complicated crown fracture?

Alveolar bone

Name one possible clinical finding associated with a complicated crown fracture.

Segment mobility/displacement, occlusal disturbances, or lack of pulp sensitivity

How long is the stabilization period, using a splint, for a complicated crown fracture, typically?

4 weeks

What radiographic views are required to assess a complicated crown fracture?

Parallel periapical, vertical/horizontal angulations, and occlusal radiograph Signup and view all the answers

Why is endodontic treatment typically contraindicated during the emergency visit for a complicated crown fracture?

To monitor pulp condition of all involved teeth at follow-ups Signup and view all the answers

Describe the follow-up schedule after the initial treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

After 4 weeks (splint removal), 6-8 weeks, 4 months, 6 months, 1 year, and yearly for at least 5 years. Signup and view all the answers

List three unfavorable outcomes associated with complicated crown fractures.

Pulp necrosis/infection, apical periodontitis/inadequate healing, non-healing of bone fracture, or external inflammatory resorption Signup and view all the answers

Describe the complete fracture in the maxilla or mandible that defines a complicated crown fracture involving the alveolar bone.

Extends from the buccal to the palatal bone in the maxilla or from the buccal to the lingual bony surface in the mandible Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a complicated crown fracture. What does it mean if they display a positive response to pulp sensibility testing several months after initial treatment?

Indicates potential pulp recovery, but a false negative is possible for short periods of time. Signup and view all the answers

Critically evaluate: why is it important to take radiographs with different vertical and/or horizontal angulations when assessing a complicated crown fracture?

To determine the location, extent, and direction of the fracture, which may not be fully visible on a single radiograph. Signup and view all the answers

What type of radiographic image is always required for assessment of a complicated crown fracture?

One parallel periapical radiograph Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what characterizes a complicated crown fracture?

A fracture involving the alveolar bone that may extend to adjacent bones. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the recommended stabilization method for a fractured alveolar segment following repositioning.

Splinting the teeth with a passive and flexible splint for 4 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

List three potential unfavorable outcomes following treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Pulp necrosis and infection; Apical periodontitis and inadequate soft tissue healing; Non-healing of the bone fracture; External inflammatory (infection-related) resorption. Signup and view all the answers

Why is endodontic treatment generally contraindicated at the initial emergency visit for a complicated crown fracture?

To monitor pulp condition of all involved teeth at follow-ups. Signup and view all the answers

Besides a parallel periapical radiograph, what other radiographic images may be used to assess a complicated crown fracture?

Two additional radiographs with different vertical and/or horizontal angulations; Occlusal radiograph; panoramic radiograph and/or CBCT Signup and view all the answers

State 2 possible clinical findings of a complicated crown fracture.

Segment mobility and displacement; Occlusal disturbances; lack of pulp sensibility. Signup and view all the answers

Why is a positive response to pulp sensibility testing considered a potentially 'favorable' outcome, yet qualified with a caveat?

It indicates pulp vitality, but a false negative response is possible for several months. Signup and view all the answers

If a patient presents with gingival lacerations in conjunction with a complicated crown fracture, what immediate treatment is indicated pertaining to the lacerations?

Sutures. Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a complicated crown fracture exhibits external inflammatory resorption. Detail the underlying cause and implications for treatment planning.

Infection-related; This indicates bone loss due to inflammatory response and likely pulpal necrosis with endodontic involvement, possibly requiring extraction if the resorption is severe. Signup and view all the answers

List three clinical findings associated with a complicated crown fracture.

Fracture confined to enamel and dentin with pulp exposure, normal tooth mobility, exposed pulp sensitive to stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

Why might radiographs of soft tissue be required in cases of complicated crown fractures?

To locate missing fragments or detect foreign debris. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the treatment approach for immature teeth (open apices) with a complicated crown fracture.

Preserve the pulp to facilitate further root development through partial pulpotomy or pulp capping, using non-setting calcium hydroxide or calcium silicate cements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended follow-up timeline for a complicated crown fracture?

After 6-8 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

What are the favorable outcomes expected after treatment of a complicated crown fracture?

Asymptomatic, positive response to pulp sensibility testing, good restoration, continued root development in immature teeth. Signup and view all the answers

List three unfavorable outcomes that may occur following treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Pain, discoloration, pulp necrosis, infection, apical periodontitis, lack of root development in immature teeth, loss or breakdown of restoration. Signup and view all the answers

In treating mature teeth with complicated crown fractures, when might root canal treatment be considered?

If a post is required for crown retention, conservative pulp treatment or root canal treatment are options. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the immediate steps to manage a missing tooth fragment in a complicated crown fracture.

Rehydrate and bond back if available, otherwise use glass-ionomer or composite resin for exposed dentin. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the absence of sensitivity to percussion or palpation might be noted in the clinical findings of a complicated crown fracture, and under what condition this might not be the case.

Typically, there is no sensitivity unless there is a luxation or root fracture. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate the endodontic management strategies for complicated crown fractures in mature versus immature teeth, providing the rationale behind each approach.

In immature teeth, the primary aim is to preserve pulp vitality to facilitate continued root development, typically through partial pulpotomy/capping with materials like calcium hydroxide. In mature teeth, if significant coronal structure is compromised, RCT is considered. This removes infection by obturation of the canals. Signup and view all the answers

What clinical finding is universally present in complicated crown fractures?

Pulp exposure Signup and view all the answers

Why are radiographs indicated when a fragment is missing from a complicated crown fracture?

To locate the missing fragment and to check for any foreign debris. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the follow-up schedule for a complicated crown fracture.

After 6-8 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

List two unfavorable outcomes that may arise following treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Pulp necrosis, infection, apical periodontitis, lack of root development, loss or breakdown of restoration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment goal for complicated crown fractures in immature teeth with open apices?

Preserve the pulp for further root development. Signup and view all the answers

When should you consider a root canal as a treatment option?

Mature teeth; Conservative pulp treatment or root canal treatment if a post is required for crown retention. Signup and view all the answers

In cases where a tooth fragment from a complicated crown fracture is recovered, what immediate step should be taken before considering reattachment?

Rehydrate and bond back if available, otherwise use glass-ionomer or composite resin for exposed dentin. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the absence of sensitivity to percussion or palpation, despite pulp exposure, does not rule out the presence of other dental injuries.

The patient may have luxation or root fracture. Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a complicated crown fracture exhibiting signs of pulp necrosis. Besides extraction, what advanced endodontic procedure might be considered to attempt tooth preservation, and what factors would influence this decision?

Apexification, with factors including patient age, root canal accessibility, and restorability of the crown. Signup and view all the answers

Outline a comprehensive strategy for managing a complicated crown fracture in a child patient immediately following the injury, integrating both clinical and psychological considerations.

Prioritize pain control and rapid assessment, followed by temporary stabilization if needed. Explain procedures simply, involve the child in decision-making where possible, and address anxiety with age-appropriate techniques. Plan definitive treatment considering growth and development, material biocompatibility, and long-term maintenance. Signup and view all the answers

What dental tissues are involved in a complicated crown fracture?

Enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp. Signup and view all the answers

List a common clinical finding when assessing a complicated crown fracture.

Pulp sensitivity tests typically return positive or tooth is tender to percussion. Signup and view all the answers

Why is radiographic examination important in cases of complicated crown fracture?

To account for missing fragments, evaluate the extent of the fracture, and assess for any injuries to the soft tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the initial step in the treatment of a complicated crown fracture?

Temporary stabilization of the loose fragment to adjacent teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment goal for immature teeth with complicated crown fractures?

Preserve pulp vitality using partial pulpotomy Signup and view all the answers

What follow-up period is recommended after treating a complicated crown fracture?

At least 5 years, with visits at 1 week, 6-8 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year initially, then yearly. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common finding during a clinical exam?

A coronal, mesial, or distal fragment is usually present and mobile. Signup and view all the answers

List some future treatment options for complicated crown fractures.

Completion of root canal treatment and restoration, orthodontic or surgical extrusion, root submergence, intentional replantation (with or without rotation), extraction, or autotransplantation. Signup and view all the answers

Name at least three potential unfavorable outcomes following treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Symptomatic pulp necrosis, infection, apical periodontitis, lack of further root development in immature teeth, loss of restoration, or breakdown of restoration, marginal bone loss, and periodontal inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Can you mathematically prove that a complicated crown fracture involving the dental pulp, specifically extending 3mm below the gingival margin, poses a greater long-term risk of endodontic failure compared to a fracture extending only 1mm below the gingival margin, assuming all other clinical and patient factors are constant? Provide justification that incorporates fluid dynamics and bacterial colonization principles in your proof.

This question cannot be answered with a simple mathematical proof. A comprehensive answer would need to integrate principles from fluid dynamics, microbiology, and biomechanics to model the increased risk of bacterial ingress and subsequent endodontic failure as the fracture extends further subgingivally. Such a model would require computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the flow of crevicular fluid and bacterial transport within the fracture site. In addition, multi-species biofilm models are required to predict the spatial gradients of bacterial colonization in response to nutrients, oxygen tension, antimicrobial agents, and mechanical forces generated by chewing. The increased surface area and reduced accessibility lead to a higher risk of biofilm maturity and resistance to disinfection. Incorporating all these factors in one model requires sophisticated statistical and computational methods – hence it's mathematically very complex and beyond the scope of a closed-form solution. Signup and view all the answers

List four components that are involved in a complicated crown fracture.

A fracture that involves the enamel, dentin, cementum and the pulp. Signup and view all the answers

Following a complicated crown fracture causing a mobile fragment, what immediate step should be taken?

Temporary stabilization of the loose fragment to adjacent teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical clinical finding related to pulp sensibility in teeth with complicated crown fractures?

Pulp sensibility tests usually positive. Signup and view all the answers

Why is non-setting calcium hydroxide or calcium silicate cement used in immature teeth with complicated crown fractures?

To preserve the pulp. Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic projection is essential in assessing complicated crown fractures, and why?

One parallel periapical radiograph. Signup and view all the answers

Describe an unfavorable outcome that might arise following treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Pulp necrosis. Signup and view all the answers

In managing complicated crown fractures in mature teeth, what is typically indicated regarding the pulp?

Removal of the pulp is usually indicated. Signup and view all the answers

Why might Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) be considered in the assessment of a complicated crown fracture?

For better visualization of the fracture path, extent, relationship to the marginal bone, and crown-root ratio. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the follow-up schedule recommended after the treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

After 1 week, 6-8 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and then yearly for at least 5 years. Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a complicated crown fracture, but the apical extension of the fracture is not visible in the radiograph; what does this indicate and why is it important?

It suggests the fracture might not involve the root apex, but further investigation with CBCT is needed to rule out vertical root fracture, influencing the choice between root canal therapy and extraction. Signup and view all the answers

How is a concussion defined in the context of complicated crown fractures?

A concussion involves normal mobility with tenderness to percussion and touch, but no radiographic abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic finding is recommended for a tooth exhibiting a concussion?

One parallel periapical radiograph. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the immediate treatment typically required for a complicated crown fracture.

No treatment is required. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended follow-up timeline for monitoring a tooth after a concussion?

After 4 weeks and after 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

List three favorable outcomes associated with the treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Asymptomatic, Positive response to pulp sensibility testing, Continued root development in immature teeth, Intact lamina dura. Signup and view all the answers

Name two potential unfavorable outcomes that could arise from a complicated crown fracture.

Symptomatic pulp necrosis and infection, apical periodontitis. Signup and view all the answers

Besides the standard radiograph, under what circumstances should additional radiographs be taken?

If signs or symptoms of other potential injuries are present. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why a 'false negative' response to pulp sensibility testing might occur after a complicated crown fracture and what that means.

Positive response to pulp sensibility testing (although false negative responses are possible for several months). Signup and view all the answers

What specific clinical findings would suggest that a tooth is experiencing a concussion following a complicated crown fracture?

Tooth is tender to percussion and touch. The tooth will likely respond to pulp sensibility testing. No radiographic abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between the expected clinical and radiographic findings of a tooth concussion versus more severe types of complicated crown fractures, such as luxation or intrusion.

Concussion: tenderness to percussion, normal mobility, no displacement, and no radiographic abnormalities. More severe fractures involve displacement and usually show radiographic abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

Briefly define a concussion in the context of complicated crown fracture treatment.

A concussion involves normal mobility with tenderness to percussion and touch, but no radiographic abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

List three clinical findings associated with a concussion injury.

Tooth is tender to percussion and touch; the tooth will likely respond to pulp sensibility testing; no radiographic abnormalities. Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic finding is recommended for a tooth that has sustained a concussion?

One parallel periapical radiograph. Signup and view all the answers

Is treatment typically required for a tooth with a concussion?

No treatment is required. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the recommended follow-up timeframe for a tooth diagnosed with a concussion.

After 4 weeks and after 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

List four favorable outcomes after a tooth has sustained a concussion.

Asymptomatic; Positive response to pulp sensibility testing (although false negative responses are possible for several months); Continued root development in immature teeth; Intact lamina dura. Signup and view all the answers

List three unfavorable outcomes that may occur after a tooth has sustained a concussion.

Symptomatic: pulp necrosis and infection; Apical periodontitis; No further root development in immature teeth. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to monitor pulp condition for at least one year, or preferably longer, after a tooth concussion?

To detect any delayed pulp necrosis or other complications that may not be immediately apparent. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of dental concussion, describe a scenario where a positive response to pulp sensibility testing might be misleading. How might you confirm the pulp's vitality in such a case?

A false negative response is possible for several months despite a positive response. Pulp vitality can be confirmed using other methods such as laser Doppler flowmetry or monitoring for continued root development in immature teeth. Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a tooth concussion that is initially asymptomatic with a positive response to pulp sensibility testing. Six months later, they develop signs of apical periodontitis. Detail the pathophysiological processes that might have led to this outcome and how the treatment plan would be adjusted?

The initial concussion may have caused subtle damage to the pulp's vasculature, leading to a slow, progressive pulp necrosis. The asymptomatic period masked the early stages of pulpal degeneration. The treatment plan would now require root canal therapy to address the infection and preserve the tooth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a coronal fracture that involves only the enamel?

Loss of tooth structure. Signup and view all the answers

Besides loss of enamel, what other clinical finding might be observed in a patient with an enamel fracture?

Normal mobility. Signup and view all the answers

Why are radiographs of the lip and/or cheek indicated when managing a patient with a missing tooth fragment after trauma?

To search for tooth fragments or foreign materials. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial radiographic view for assessing a suspected enamel fracture?

One parallel periapical radiograph. Signup and view all the answers

Describe one treatment option for managing an enamel fracture when the tooth fragment is available.

The tooth fragment can be bonded back onto the tooth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical follow-up timeline post-treatment for an enamel fracture?

After 6-8 weeks and after 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

List two favorable outcomes expected after the treatment of an enamel fracture.

Asymptomatic and positive response to pulp sensibility testing. Signup and view all the answers

Describe two potential unfavorable outcomes that could arise after the treatment of an enamel fracture.

Pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why following a luxation follow-up regimen is crucial for an enamel fracture associated with luxation or root fracture.

It may require longer follow-ups. Signup and view all the answers

In cases where a tooth fragment is missing, and soft tissue injuries are present, elaborate on the rationale for taking radiographs of the lip and/or cheek, considering potential medicolegal implications if foreign objects are not detected immediately.

To locate tooth fragments or foreign materials that may be embedded in the soft tissues, and to ensure a thorough evaluation that could prevent future complications or medicolegal issues arising from undetected objects. Signup and view all the answers

Define an enamel infraction.

A coronal fracture involving enamel only, with loss of tooth structure. Signup and view all the answers

What are some clinical findings associated with an enamel infraction?

Loss of enamel, no visible sign of exposed dentin, normal mobility, and usually positive pulp sensibility tests. Signup and view all the answers

List radiographic recommendations to use when assessing an enamel infraction.

One parallel periapical radiograph and additional radiographs if other injuries are suspected. Signup and view all the answers

Describe possible treatments for enamel infractions.

Bonding the fragment back onto the tooth if available, smoothing tooth edges, and composite resin restoration. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the recommended follow-up schedule for enamel infractions.

Clinical and radiographic evaluations are necessary after 6-8 weeks and after 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

What are some favorable outcomes expected after treatment of an enamel infraction?

Asymptomatic, positive response to pulp sensibility testing, good quality restoration, and continued root development in immature teeth. Signup and view all the answers

List unfavorable outcomes that may occur after treatment of an enamel infraction.

Symptomatic, pulp necrosis and infection, apical periodontitis, loss or breakdown of the restoration, and lack of further root development in immature teeth. Signup and view all the answers

According to the document, what should be evaluated if tenderness is present alongside an enamel infraction?

Possible associated luxation injury or root fracture. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the rationale for taking radiographs of the lip and/or cheek when an enamel infraction is present.

To search for tooth fragments or foreign materials if the fragment is missing and soft tissue injuries are present. Signup and view all the answers

If a patient presents with an enamel infraction accompanied by luxation or root fracture, how does the follow-up regimen change, and why?

Follow the luxation follow-up regimen, which may require longer follow-ups, due to the increased complexity and potential for complications. Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard radiographic recommendation for enamel infractions?

One parallel periapical radiograph is recommended. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the typical sensibility test result for a tooth with an enamel infraction.

Pulp sensibility tests are usually positive. Signup and view all the answers

When is treatment typically required for an enamel infraction, and what does it involve?

Treatment is required for severe infractions. It involves etching and sealing with bonding resin to prevent discoloration and bacterial contamination. Otherwise, no treatment is necessary. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of enamel infractions, why is it important to evaluate for associated luxation injuries?

To rule out additional damage. Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible unfavorable outcomes associated with untreated enamel infractions?

Symptomatic issues, pulp necrosis and infection, apical periodontitis, and lack of further root development in immature teeth. Signup and view all the answers

Why is follow-up not always required for enamel infractions?

No follow-up required if it is certain the injury is only an infraction. Signup and view all the answers

How might the presence of an enamel infraction influence decisions regarding endodontic interventions in immature teeth?

Enamel infractions may complicate treatment planning, as they can cause pulp necrosis, apical periodontitis, and could cause lack of root development. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the rationale behind using bonding resin in treating severe enamel infractions, and explain how it addresses potential long-term complications.

Bonding resin seals the infraction site, thus preventing bacteria and discoloration. Signup and view all the answers

Considering the typical clinical findings associated with enamel infractions, propose a differential diagnosis strategy to distinguish it from more complex dental traumas.

A differential diagnosis strategy is needed to rule out other more complex traumas. Signup and view all the answers

Define an enamel infraction in terms of tooth structure.

An incomplete fracture (crack or crazing) of the enamel without loss of tooth structure. Signup and view all the answers

List three typical clinical findings associated with an enamel infraction.

No sensitivity to percussion, normal mobility, and positive pulp sensibility tests. Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic assessments are typically recommended for an enamel infraction?

One parallel periapical radiograph; additional radiographs if other potential injuries are suspected. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the suggested treatment for severe enamel infractions, focusing on preventing further complications.

Etching and sealing with bonding resin to prevent discoloration and bacterial contamination. Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances is follow-up not required for an enamel infraction?

If it is certain the injury is only an infraction. Signup and view all the answers

Specify three favorable outcomes one might expect after managing an enamel infraction.

Asymptomatic status, positive response to pulp sensibility testing, and continued root development in immature teeth. Signup and view all the answers

Identify three potential unfavorable outcomes associated with an enamel infraction if left unaddressed.

Symptomatic presentation, pulp necrosis and infection, and apical periodontitis. Signup and view all the answers

Detail the rationale behind using bonding resin in the treatment of enamel infractions and how it contributes to long-term dental health providing a specific mechanism.

Bonding resin seals the enamel, preventing microleakage and bacterial invasion, which reduces the risk of secondary caries and pulpal inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Contrast the follow-up protocol for an uncomplicated enamel infraction versus one associated with a luxation injury, emphasizing differences in monitoring and intervention.

Uncomplicated infractions require no specific follow-up, while luxation injuries necessitate a specific follow-up regimen due to the potential for periodontal and pulpal complications. Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a scenario where an enamel infraction is initially asymptomatic but later develops into apical periodontitis. What biological processes likely transpired, and how could earlier intervention have altered this outcome?

Microbial invasion through the cracked enamel led to pulpal inflammation and subsequent necrosis, extending to the apical tissues. Early sealing could have prevented bacterial ingress, preserving pulp vitality. Signup and view all the answers

Define the term for when a tooth is displaced from its socket in an incisal/axial direction.

Avulsion or complicated crown fracture treatment Signup and view all the answers

List two common clinical findings associated with a tooth experiencing a complicated crown fracture.

The tooth looks elongated and has increased mobility. Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic findings would you expect to see in a tooth with a complicated crown fracture?

The tooth will not be seated in its socket and will appear elongated incisally and increased periodontal ligament space both apically and laterally. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the initial treatment for a tooth that has been displaced due to complicated crown fracture.

Reposition the tooth gently back into the socket under local anesthesia, and stabilize it with a passive and flexible splint for 2 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the follow-up schedule for a tooth that has been repositioned after complicated crown fracture.

After 2 weeks (splint removal), 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, then yearly for at least 5 years. Signup and view all the answers

List three favorable outcomes expected after the treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Asymptomatic, clinical and radiographic signs of normal or healed periodontium, positive response to pulp sensibility testing(a false negative is possible for several months), no marginal bone loss and continued root development in immature teeth. Signup and view all the answers

Name three unfavorable outcomes that could arise following a complicated crown fracture.

Symptomatic pulp necrosis and infection, apical periodontitis and breakdown of marginal bone and external inflammatory (infection-related) resorption. Signup and view all the answers

If external inflammatory resorption develops post-complicated crown fracture, what immediate treatment is recommended?

Initiate root canal treatment immediately, using calcium hydroxide or corticosteroid/antibiotic medicament. Signup and view all the answers

Why are multiple radiographs with different angulations recommended when assessing teeth with a complicated crown fracture?

To provide a comprehensive view of the displacement and any potential fractures or damage to surrounding structures, as the tooth will not be seated in its socket and will appear elongated incisally. Signup and view all the answers

For a tooth with complicated crown fracture, describe why a 'positive response to pulp sensibility testing' is considered a favorable outcome, yet a false negative is possible for several months.

A positive response indicates that the pulp is still vital, which is favorable for long-term tooth survival; however, the trauma may temporarily affect pulp sensibility, leading to a false negative result despite the pulp remaining vital. Signup and view all the answers

Define a complicated crown fracture.

Displacement of the tooth out of its socket in an incisal/axial direction. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a tooth affected by a complicated crown fracture have no response to pulp sensibility tests?

Due to displacement and potential nerve damage. Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic findings are expected in a tooth suffering from complicated crown fracture?

The tooth will not be seated in its socket and will appear elongated incisally, increased periodontal ligament space both apically and laterally. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the initial treatment for a tooth that has suffered a complicated crown fracture.

Reposition the tooth gently back into the socket under local anesthesia and stabilize the tooth with a passive and flexible splint for 2 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the follow-up protocol for a tooth after treatment for a complicated crown fracture?

After 2 weeks (splint removal), 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, then yearly for at least 5 years. Signup and view all the answers

Name two favorable outcomes expected after the treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Asymptomatic, clinical and radiographic signs of normal or healed periodontium. Signup and view all the answers

List two unfavorable outcomes that may occur following a complicated crown fracture.

Symptomatic: pulp necrosis and infection, apical periodontitis. Signup and view all the answers

If external inflammatory resorption develops after a complicated crown fracture, what immediate treatment should be initiated?

Initiate root canal treatment immediately, using calcium hydroxide or corticosteroid/antibiotic medicament. Signup and view all the answers

Predict the long-term prognosis of a tooth with a complicated crown fracture that also presents with significant breakdown/fracture of the marginal bone despite immediate and appropriate treatment. Justify your reasoning.

The long-term prognosis is guarded to poor. Significant marginal bone breakdown indicates severe trauma and compromised periodontal support. Even with appropriate treatment, the tooth is likely to experience further complications such as persistent inflammation, bone loss, and eventual tooth loss. The initial trauma disrupts the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, making it difficult to achieve complete healing and stability. Signup and view all the answers

What type of displacement characterizes an intruded tooth?

Apical Signup and view all the answers

Describe the expected clinical finding related to tooth mobility in an intruded tooth.

Immobility Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic views are recommended for assessing an intruded tooth?

Parallel periapical, vertical/horizontal angulations, and occlusal Signup and view all the answers

For immature intruded teeth, what is the initial treatment approach regardless of the degree of intrusion?

Allow re-eruption without intervention Signup and view all the answers

In mature teeth, if intrusion is less than 3 mm, what initial treatment is recommended?

Allow re-eruption without intervention Signup and view all the answers

When should orthodontic repositioning be considered for an intruded immature tooth?

If no re-eruption occurs within 4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

If a mature tooth is intruded between 3-7 mm, what are the recommended treatment options?

Reposition surgically or orthodontically Signup and view all the answers

What is a common pulpal outcome to be expected when a mature tooth is intruded more than 7mm?

Necrotic Signup and view all the answers

Name one possible treatment that should be started immediately if external inflammatory resorption is observed as an unfavorable outcome.

Root canal treatment using calcium hydroxide or corticosteroid-antibiotic as an intra-canal medicament Signup and view all the answers

Elaborate on the rationale behind initiating root canal treatment within 2 weeks for mature teeth intruded beyond 7 mm.

The pulp almost always becomes necrotic and also to allow for the position of the tooth to reduce inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Define what is meant by the term 'complicated crown fracture treatment' as it relates to tooth displacement.

Displacement of the tooth in an apical direction into the alveolar bone. Signup and view all the answers

List three clinical findings that would suggest a tooth has suffered an intrusive luxation.

The tooth is displaced axially into the alveolar bone; The tooth is immobile; Percussion will give a high metallic (ankylotic) sound. Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic views are recommended for assessing a tooth with suspected intrusive luxation?

One parallel periapical radiograph, two additional radiographs with different vertical/horizontal angulations, and an occlusal radiograph. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the initial treatment approach for an intruded immature tooth, irrespective of the degree of intrusion.

Allow re-eruption without intervention. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the follow-up schedule recommended after the treatment of an intruded tooth.

After 2 weeks, 4 weeks (splint removal), 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, then yearly for at least 5 years. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment if an intruded mature tooth does not re-erupt within 8 weeks?

Reposition surgically or orthodontically before ankylosis occurs. Signup and view all the answers

When should root canal treatment be initiated for a mature tooth intruded beyond 7mm?

The pulp almost always becomes necrotic. Root canal treatment should be started within 2 weeks or when the position of the tooth allows, using corticosteroid-antibiotic or calcium hydroxide. Signup and view all the answers

List three favorable outcomes one might expect after treatment of an intruded tooth.

Asymptomatic; Positive response to pulp sensibility testing (though false negative responses are possible for several months); No radiographic signs of external resorption or apical periodontitis; Continued root development in immature teeth. Signup and view all the answers

Describe a scenario where a positive pulp sensibility test might not accurately reflect the health of the tooth following intrusive luxation. Why does this happen?

False negative responses are possible for several months after treatment due to nerve damage. This might lead to the incorrect conclusion that the pulp is necrotic. Signup and view all the answers

You observe external inflammatory resorption following treatment of an intruded tooth. Detail your immediate next steps, including specific medicaments.

Start root canal treatment immediately using calcium hydroxide or corticosteroid-antibiotic as an intra-canal medicament. Signup and view all the answers

Following the repositioning of a tooth after a complicated crown fracture, how long should the tooth be stabilized with a splint?

4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic findings would suggest a complicated tooth fracture?

A widened periodontal ligament space Signup and view all the answers

Describe the typical sound one might hear upon percussion of a tooth displaced due to a complicated crown fracture.

High metallic (ankylotic) sound Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference in treatment for a tooth with complete root formation versus incomplete root formation after experiencing pulp necrosis?

Complete root formation requires root canal treatment with a corticosteroid-antibiotic or calcium hydroxide medicament, whereas incomplete root formation may undergo spontaneous revascularization. Signup and view all the answers

If external inflammatory resorption develops as an unfavorable outcome, what immediate treatment is required?

Start root canal treatment immediately with calcium hydroxide as an intra-canal medicament Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a complicated tooth fracture?

Displacement of the tooth in any lateral direction, usually associated with a fracture or compression of the alveolar socket wall or facial cortical bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended long-term follow-up schedule after treatment of a complicated crown fracture?

After 2 weeks, 4 weeks (splint removal), 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, then yearly for at least 5 years. Signup and view all the answers

Why are multiple angled radiographs necessary when evaluating a tooth suspected of displacement due to a complicated crown fracture?

A widened periodontal ligament space is best seen on radiographs with horizontal angle shifts or occlusal exposures Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process for repositioning a tooth digitally following a complicated crown fracture.

Reposition the tooth digitally by disengaging it from its locked position and gently repositioning it into its original location under local anesthesia. Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of a tooth with a complicated crown fracture, how long is the tooth typically stabilized using a splint?

4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic findings would suggest tooth displacement following a complicated crown fracture?

A widened periodontal ligament space Signup and view all the answers

List two possible unfavorable outcomes following treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Apical periodontitis; external inflammatory resorption; breakdown of marginal bone or alveolar socket wall; no healing of the fracture or failure to re-establish normal mobility Signup and view all the answers

What immediate intervention is required if external inflammatory resorption develops after a complicated crown fracture?

Root canal treatment with calcium hydroxide. Signup and view all the answers

After repositioning a tooth with a complicated crown fracture, under what conditions would additional splinting be required?

If there is breakdown/fracture of the marginal bone or alveolar socket wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical definition of tooth displacement in complicated crown fractures?

Displacement of the tooth in any lateral direction, usually associated with a fracture or compression of the alveolar socket wall or facial cortical bone. Signup and view all the answers

In managing complicated crown fractures with incomplete root formation, what potential outcome should be monitored approximately 2 weeks post-injury?

Spontaneous revascularization Signup and view all the answers

During clinical assessment of a tooth with suspected complicated crown fracture, what specific sound upon percussion would suggest ankylosis?

A high metallic (ankylotic) sound. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the ideal follow-up schedule after treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

After 2 weeks, 4 weeks (splint removal), 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, then yearly for at least 5 years. Signup and view all the answers

A tooth has been diagnosed with a complicated crown fracture. Despite initial stabilization and endodontic treatment, radiographic examination reveals continued apical periodontitis and increasing external root resorption. What specialized intracanal medicament should be considered?

Calcium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

What three hard tissues are involved in complicated crown fractures?

Dentin, pulp, and cementum. Signup and view all the answers

Describe a clinical sign, besides mobility, that suggests a coronal fracture may be present.?

Tenderness to percussion or bleeding from the gingival sulcus. Signup and view all the answers

Besides a standard periapical radiograph, what other radiographic views might be useful in evaluating a complicated crown fracture?

Additional radiographs with different vertical and/or horizontal angulations, or an occlusal radiograph. Signup and view all the answers

Why is immediate repositioning of a displaced coronal fragment important?

To facilitate healing and improve the prognosis of the tooth. Signup and view all the answers

How long is stabilization of a mobile coronal segment typically maintained following repositioning?

4 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

Why is endodontic treatment typically avoided at the emergency visit for a complicated crown fracture?

To monitor pulp healing and vitality, as pulp necrosis may not be immediately apparent. Signup and view all the answers

List three possible unfavorable outcomes that may arise, following treatment, in teeth with complicated crown fractures.

Extrusion and/or excessive mobility, radiolucency at the fracture line, or pulp necrosis and infection. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the rationale for incorporating CBCT imaging into the diagnostic protocol for complicated crown fractures.

CBCT provides a 3D evaluation of the location, extent, and direction of the fracture, offering superior detail compared to conventional 2D radiographs. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a tooth with a complicated crown fracture test negatively on pulp sensibility testing, even if the pulp is still vital?

Transient/permanent neural damage or a false negative response may occur for several months following the fracture. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of managing complicated crown fractures, explain why 'orthodontic extrusion' might be considered as a treatment option, and what specific clinical scenarios would warrant such an approach.

Orthodontic extrusion may be considered to bring the fracture margin coronally for better access and restorability, particularly in cases with deep subgingival fractures or biologic width violation. This allows for a more predictable restoration and improved long-term prognosis. Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the defining characteristic of a complicated crown fracture.

It involves a fracture of the root including dentin, pulp, and cementum. Signup and view all the answers

List two potential clinical findings associated with a complicated crown fracture.

Mobile/displaced coronal segment; Tooth tender to percussion; Bleeding from the gingival sulcus; Negative pulp sensibility testing. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a CBCT be considered in evaluating a complicated crown fracture?

For better evaluation of the location, extent, and direction of the fracture. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for a displaced coronal fragment in a complicated crown fracture?

Reposition the displaced coronal fragment as soon as possible. Signup and view all the answers

How long should a mobile coronal segment be stabilized with a splint following a complicated crown fracture, and what type of splint is recommended?

4 weeks; passive and flexible. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the typical endodontic management approach for a complicated crown fracture at the emergency visit.

No endodontic treatment is performed at the emergency visit; monitor healing for at least 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances might root canal treatment be required in the future management of a complicated crown fracture?

If pulp necrosis occurs later, usually in the coronal fragment. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the future treatment options for mature teeth with very mobile coronal fragments in a complicated crown fracture.

Removal of the coronal fragment, root canal treatment, and post-retained crown may be necessary. Signup and view all the answers

Besides extraction and endodontics, name two other procedures that might be considered in the treatment of complicated crown fractures.

Orthodontic extrusion; crown lengthening; surgical extrusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST important rationale for future treatment (removal of coronal fragment, root canal, post retained crown) for mature teeth with very mobile coronal fragments?

To prevent inflammatory resorption of the root causing further bone loss and possible extraction of the tooth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing characteristic of a complicated crown fracture in terms of tooth displacement?

Abnormal loosening without displacement of the tooth Signup and view all the answers

Why might a tooth with a complicated crown fracture not respond to pulp sensibility testing initially?

Transient pulp damage Signup and view all the answers

If radiographs typically appear normal in complicated crown fractures, what radiographic protocol is recommended?

One parallel periapical radiograph, two additional radiographs with different vertical/horizontal angulations, and an occlusal radiograph Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances is a splint indicated in the treatment of a complicated crown fracture, and for how long should it remain?

Excessive mobility or tenderness when biting; up to 2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Describe the recommended follow-up timeline for a complicated crown fracture.

Monitor pulp condition for at least one year, preferably longer, with appointments after 2 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

Name three favorable outcomes associated with complicated crown fractures.

Asymptomatic, positive response to pulp sensibility testing, continued root development Signup and view all the answers

What are three unfavorable outcomes of complicated crown fractures?

Pulp necrosis, apical periodontitis, no further root development Signup and view all the answers

The presence of what specific outcome necessitates immediate root canal treatment in a complicated crown fracture, and with what?

External inflammatory (infection-related) resorption; calcium hydroxide or corticosteroid/antibiotic medicament Signup and view all the answers

In cases of complicated crown fractures in immature teeth, describe a favorable outcome that demonstrates continued health, and an unfavorable outcome that warrants immediate intervention.

Favorable: Continued root development. Unfavorable: No further root development. Signup and view all the answers

List two typical clinical findings associated with a complicated crown fracture.

Tenderness to touch/light tapping and increased mobility without displacement. Signup and view all the answers

What radiographic findings are typically observed in cases of complicated crown fractures?

Radiographs usually appear normal. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the recommended radiographic protocol for assessing a complicated crown fracture.

One parallel periapical radiograph, two additional radiographs with different vertical/horizontal angulations, and an occlusal radiograph. Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances would a splint be indicated in the treatment of a complicated crown fracture, and for how long should it be used?

If there is excessive mobility or tenderness when biting, a passive and flexible splint may be used for up to 2 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the recommended follow-up schedule after managing a complicated crown fracture.

After 2 weeks (splint removal), 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

Name three favorable outcomes one might expect following the management of a complicated crown fracture.

Asymptomatic, positive response to pulp sensibility testing, continued root development in immature teeth, and intact lamina dura. Signup and view all the answers

Identify two unfavorable outcomes associated with complicated crown fractures and what immediate action should be actioned if resorption develops.

Symptomatic pulp necrosis and infection and apical periodontitis. Initiate root canal treatment immediately with calcium hydroxide or corticosteroid/antibiotic medicament. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a tooth not respond to pulp sensitivity testing initially after a complicated crown fracture, and what does this indicate?

Transient pulp damage. The tooth may not respond to pulp sensibility testing initially, but this does not necessarily indicate irreversible pulp damage. Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a scenario where a patient presents with a complicated crown fracture exhibiting external inflammatory resorption. Detail the immediate treatment strategy, including specific materials and rationale, and predict the long-term prognosis if the treatment is delayed by several weeks.

Initiate immediate root canal treatment with calcium hydroxide or corticosteroid/antibiotic medicament to arrest resorption. Delayed treatment significantly worsens the prognosis, likely leading to tooth loss due to progressive resorption and infection. Signup and view all the answers

Define a crown fracture confined to the enamel and dentin without pulp exposure.

A fracture confined to enamel and dentin without pulp exposure. Signup and view all the answers

List three clinical findings associated with a crown fracture confined to enamel and dentin.

Normal mobility, usually positive pulp sensibility tests, and no sensitivity to percussion or palpation. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the imaging and radiographic assessments recommended for a tooth with a possible uncomplicated crown fracture.

Enamel-dentin loss is visible; missing fragments should be accounted for; radiographs of the lip and/or cheek are indicated to search for tooth fragments or foreign materials if fragment is missing and soft tissue injuries are present; and recommended radiographs (one parallel periapical radiograph, additional radiographs if other potential injuries are suspected). Signup and view all the answers

Outline the initial treatment steps for a crown fracture involving only enamel and dentin where the fragment is available and intact.

If the tooth fragment is available and intact, it can be bonded back onto the tooth after rehydration (soak in water or saline for 20 min) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended procedure if the exposed dentin is within 0.5 mm of the pulp, showing no bleeding?

Place a calcium hydroxide lining and cover with a material such as glass-ionomer. Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended follow-up timelines for a crown fracture repair?

Clinical and radiographic evaluations are necessary after 6-8 weeks and after 1 year. Signup and view all the answers

List three favorable outcomes expected following successful treatment of an uncomplicated crown fracture.

Asymptomatic, positive response to pulp sensibility testing, and good quality restoration. Signup and view all the answers

Identify three potential unfavorable outcomes that may arise after treating an uncomplicated crown fracture.

Symptomatic, pulp necrosis and infection, and apical periodontitis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the rationale behind using radiographs of the lip and/or cheek when treating a crown fracture with a missing fragment.

To search for tooth fragments or foreign materials that may be embedded in the soft tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the critical steps a clinician must take to ensure long-term success of fragment reattachment, specifically addressing potential issues at the enamel-dentin interface. Further, explain how you would address the presence of a deeply stained fracture line that is esthetically unappealing despite a structurally sound repair. Assume all diagnostic tests come back normal.

Ensuring meticulous cleaning and etching of both fragment and tooth surfaces is critical, followed by using a high-quality bonding agent to maximize adhesion and minimize microleakage which prevents future staining at the enamel-dentin interface. To address a deeply stained fracture line, consider using flowable composite to mask the stain or performing a microabrasion technique to superficially remove the stained layer, ensuring not to compromise the structural integrity of the bonded fragment. As a final option, one could consider a porcelain veneer for maximum esthetics. Signup and view all the answers

Define a crown fracture that is confined to the enamel and dentin, but does not involve the pulp.

A fracture confined to enamel and dentin without pulp exposure. Signup and view all the answers

List two typical clinical findings associated with a crown fracture that only involves the enamel and dentin.

Normal mobility and positive pulp sensibility tests. Signup and view all the answers

Why are radiographs of the lip and/or cheek indicated if a tooth fragment is missing and soft tissue injuries are present?

To search for tooth fragments or foreign materials. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the immediate treatment for a tooth fragment that is available and intact after a crown fracture. How long should you soak the fragment?

Rehydration by soaking in water or saline for 20 minutes, then bonding it back onto the tooth. Signup and view all the answers

When the exposed dentin is pink but not bleeding, outline the recommended procedure for covering it.

Place a calcium hydroxide lining and cover with a material such as glass-ionomer. Signup and view all the answers

What are two necessary follow-up evaluation types after treatment of a crown fracture?

Clinical and radiographic evaluations. Signup and view all the answers

List three favorable outcomes one hopes to observe after treatment of a crown fracture.

Asymptomatic, positive response to pulp sensibility testing, and good quality restoration. Signup and view all the answers

Identify three potential unfavorable outcomes following a crown fracture.

Symptomatic, pulp necrosis and infection, and apical periodontitis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the rationale and specific procedural steps for managing a complicated crown fracture without pulp exposure, but where the exposed dentin is in close proximity (less than 0.5mm) to the pulp. What materials are indicated and why?

The goal is to protect the pulp and promote healing. Place a calcium hydroxide lining to stimulate reparative dentinogenesis, then cover with a glass-ionomer to seal and protect the area while providing fluoride release. Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a crown fracture and associated luxation injury. How does this influence the follow-up regimen, and why?

Follow the luxation follow-up regimen, which may require longer follow-ups. Luxation injuries often involve damage to the periodontal ligament and supporting structures, requiring extended monitoring for stability and healing. Signup and view all the answers

What three dental tissues are involved in a complicated crown fracture?

Enamel, dentin, and cementum. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of clinical findings for a complicated crown fracture, what is the typical response of pulp sensibility tests?

Usually positive. Signup and view all the answers

Name two radiographic techniques beyond a standard periapical radiograph that can be used to assess a complicated crown fracture.

Occlusal radiograph and radiographs with vertical/horizontal angulations. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the immediate goal of temporary stabilization in the treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Stabilize the loose fragment to adjacent teeth. Signup and view all the answers

List three potential future treatment options for a complicated crown fracture.

Orthodontic extrusion, root canal treatment, root submergence, intentional replantation, extraction, autotransplantation Signup and view all the answers

What materials are typically used to cover exposed dentin in the restoration of a complicated crown fracture?

Glass-ionomer, bonding agent, and composite resin. Signup and view all the answers

Name three potential unfavorable outcomes associated with complicated crown fractures.

Pain, discoloration, pulp necrosis, infection, apical periodontitis, lack of further root development in immature teeth, loss of restoration, breakdown of restoration, marginal bone loss, periodontal issues. Signup and view all the answers

Besides standard radiographs, what advanced imaging technique can be considered to better visualize the fracture and its relationship to surrounding structures?

CBCT (Cone-beam computed tomography). Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended follow-up schedule after initial treatment of a complicated crown fracture, and why is long-term monitoring necessary?

After 1 week, 6-8 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and then yearly for at least 5 years; to monitor pulp vitality, root development in immature teeth, and restoration integrity. Signup and view all the answers

In cases where root canal treatment is performed due to pulp necrosis following a complicated crown fracture, what subsequent restorative steps are essential for long-term success?

Restoration of the tooth. Signup and view all the answers

Define a complicated crown fracture according to the provided text.

A fracture involving enamel, dentin, and cementum (often extending below the gingival margin) without pulp exposure. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to account for missing fragments with radiographs of soft tissues?

To rule out any fragments lodged in soft tissues if there are injuries. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the radiographic examination required for a complicated crown fracture.

One parallel periapical radiograph, two additional radiographs with different vertical and/or horizontal angulations, and occlusal radiograph. Signup and view all the answers

List three future possible treatment options for complicated crown fractures.

Orthodontic or surgical extrusion, root canal treatment and restoration, root submergence, intentional replantation, extraction, or autotransplantation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in treating a complicated crown fracture where the pulp is not exposed?

Remove coronal or mobile fragment and restore. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended follow-up schedule after treatment of a complicated crown fracture?

After 1 week, 6-8 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and then yearly for at least 5 years. Signup and view all the answers

Identify three possible unfavorable outcomes following treatment of a complicated crown fracture.

Pain, discoloration, pulp necrosis, infection, apical periodontitis, lack of further root development in immature teeth, loss of restoration, breakdown of restoration, marginal bone loss, and periodontal issues. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the rationale for using CBCT in the evaluation of a complicated crown fracture.

CBCT can be considered for better visualization of the fracture path, extent, and relationship to the marginal bone, and help determine treatment options. Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a complicated crown fracture and immature roots. What favorable outcomes would indicate successful treatment?

Asymptomatic, positive pulp sensibility response, continued root development in immature teeth, good quality restoration. Signup and view all the answers

A fracture involving enamel, dentin, ________, and the pulp is considered a complicated crown fracture.

cementum Signup and view all the answers

For displaced teeth, the dental professional should gently _________ the tooth back into the socket under local anesthesia.

reposition Signup and view all the answers

In cases of root fractures, ____________ of the mobile coronal segment is essential for stabilization and healing.

stabilization Signup and view all the answers

If a tooth is intruded beyond 7 mm, repositioning is often performed ____________ to restore proper alignment.

surgically Signup and view all the answers

Following treatment for dental trauma, a positive response to pulp ________ testing is a favorable outcome.

sensibility Signup and view all the answers

In crown fractures without pulp exposure, if the tooth fragment is available and intact, it can be _________ back onto the tooth after rehydration.

bonded Signup and view all the answers

Tooth ________ is a condition where the tooth-supporting structures have abnormal loosening, but without displacement of the tooth.

concussion Signup and view all the answers

If pulp necrosis occurs after tooth displacement, _________ treatment is indicated based on the tooth’s stage of root development.

endodontic Signup and view all the answers

For severe infractions to the teeth, ________ and sealing with a bonding agent may prevent discoloration and bacterial contamination.

etching Signup and view all the answers

Following lateral displacement of a tooth, a widened __________ligament space may be observed on radiographs, best seen with horizontal angle shifts.

periodontal Signup and view all the answers

Displacement of the tooth out of its socket in an incisal/axial direction is best defined as ___________.

luxation Signup and view all the answers

In a complicated crown fracture, displacement and occlusal disturbances may be apparent given the misalignment of the fractured ________ segment.

alveolar Signup and view all the answers

External inflammatory resorption following tooth displacement necessitates immediate initiation of root canal treatment that uses ____________ or corticosteroid/antibiotic medicament.

calcium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

Differentiating between sub-alveolar and supra-alveolar fractures is crucial; the ________ extension of the fracture must be carefully evaluated when possible.

apical Signup and view all the answers

The complete fracture extending from the buccal to the palatal bone in the maxilla or from the buccal to the lingual bony surface in the mandible describes how the fracture involves the ______ bone.

alveolar Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Complicated Crown Fracture

A fracture involving the alveolar bone that may extend to adjacent bones.

Clinical Finding: Segment Mobility

Segment mobility and displacement with multiple teeth moving together.