Alveolar Air Composition

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Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in Chapter 8 on the Respiratory System?

Pulmonary Volumes

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood

Regulation of Pulmonary Ventilation (correct)

Gas Exchange in the Alveoli

Which figure in Chapter 8 describes the process of diffusion through a membrane?

Figure 8.7 (correct)

Figure 8.6

Figure 8.4

Figure 8.9

What does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent?

The relationship between oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen in the blood (correct)

The relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood

The relationship between arterial and mixed venous oxygen difference

The relationship between oxygen delivery and uptake in the muscles

Which of the following is NOT one of the four components of respiration?

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of nasal breathing?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structures serve a transport function only, without gas exchange?

Trachea and bronchial tree Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance in the cardiovascular system?

$pressure = flow \times resistance$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean pressure in the pulmonary artery?

15 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of nitrogen (PN2) in air at sea level?

600.7 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory membrane?

Gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about oxygen diffusion capacity is true?

During maximal exercise, the oxygen diffusion capacity may increase by up to three times the resting rate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for the increase in oxygen diffusion capacity during exercise?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate partial pressure gradient between the mean partial pressure of the pulmonary capillary and the alveolar air?

11 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of pulmonary diffusion?

Bringing air into the lungs during pulmonary ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the volume of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration?

Vital capacity Signup and view all the answers

During forced or labored inspiration and expiration, which of the following is true?

The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about lung volumes and capacities?

The total lung capacity is the sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume Signup and view all the answers

According to Fick's law, the rate of diffusion through a tissue is proportional to which of the following factors?

Surface area and difference in partial pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the pressure gradient for oxygen across the respiratory membrane?

65 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxygen diffusion capacity at rest?

21 ml of oxygen per minute per 1 mmHg of pressure difference Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli?

105 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

During inspiration, the volume inside the lungs increases because

the external intercostal muscles contract Signup and view all the answers

During expiration, the pressure in the lungs

increases Signup and view all the answers

The pressure within the lungs during inspiration is

less than the air pressure outside the body Signup and view all the answers

During forced breathing, expiration becomes a more active process because

the internal intercostal muscles contract Signup and view all the answers