36 Questions
What is the total lung capacity equal to?
Vital capacity + residual volume
What is the function of the upper respiratory tract and airways?
Air conditioning, warming, filtering, and humidifying inspired air
What is the anatomical dead space?
The upper respiratory tract and airways as far as the terminal bronchioles
What is the instrument used to measure respiratory volumes and capacities?
Spirometer
What type of disease involves increased airway resistance?
Obstructive pulmonary disease
What is the sum of the anatomical and alveolar dead space known as?
Physiological dead space
What is the primary role of the surface tension of pleural fluid?
To resist the actual separation of the lung and thoracic wall
What happens to the intrapleural pressure during inspiration?
It decreases due to the increased volume of the pleural cavity
What is the relationship between intrapleural pressure and pulmonary pressure?
Intrapleural pressure is always lower than pulmonary pressure
What would happen if the intrapleural pressure became equal to the atmospheric pressure?
The lungs would collapse
What is the effect of pneumothorax on the lungs?
It causes the lungs to collapse
What is the function of the transpulmonary pressure?
To create the suction to keep the lungs inflated
What is the result of plugged bronchioles?
Atelectasis occurs
Why do changes in the intrapleural pressure of one lung not affect the other lung?
Because each lung has its own pleural cavity and pleural membranes
What is the primary direction of oxygen diffusion during internal respiration?
From the systemic capillaries into the cells
What is the PO2 of the blood in the systemic capillaries before gas exchange occurs?
100 mm Hg
What occurs when equilibrium is reached during internal respiration?
The blood in the systemic capillaries has a PO2 of 40 mm Hg and a PCO2 of 45 mm Hg
What factor affects the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during internal respiration?
The rate of blood flow in a specific tissue
What is the direction of carbon dioxide diffusion during internal respiration?
From the cells into the systemic capillaries
What is the PO2 of the tissue cells before gas exchange occurs?
40 mm Hg
What is pulmonary ventilation?
The exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs
According to Boyle's Law, what is the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas?
Inversely proportional
Which factor does NOT affect pulmonary ventilation?
Blood pressure
During inspiration, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs?
Pressure decreases
What is referred to as intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul)?
Pressure within the lungs
Which pressure is always described relative to atmospheric pressure?
Respiratory pressure
What is the term used to describe the pressure within the pleural cavity?
Intrapleural pressure
Why do gas molecules exert less pressure in a larger volume container?
Because gas molecules strike the wall less frequently
What happens to the volume of the thoracic cage during inspiration?
It increases
What is the intrapulmonary pressure compared to atmospheric pressure during inspiration?
Ppul < Patm
What occurs to the lungs during expiration?
The lungs recoil and the intrapulmonary volume decreases
What muscles are involved in forced expiration?
Abdominal and internal intercostal muscles
What factor does NOT hinder air passage and pulmonary ventilation?
Tidal volume
What mechanism requires energy during pulmonary ventilation?
Inspiratory muscles enlarging the thorax
What happens to intrapleural pressure during inspiration?
It becomes more negative
Which statement best describes the process of forced expiration?
It is an active process involving the activity of abdominal and internal intercostal muscles
Learn about the mechanics of pulmonary ventilation, including the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs, and the rules that govern this process. Test your understanding of breathing and gas flow.
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