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Questions and Answers
What is one belief held by serpent handlers in the Holiness-Pentecostal church?
What is one belief held by serpent handlers in the Holiness-Pentecostal church?
What is the main role of a shaman according to traditional beliefs?
What is the main role of a shaman according to traditional beliefs?
What event is associated with the Zapatista Revolt in Chiapas, Mexico?
What event is associated with the Zapatista Revolt in Chiapas, Mexico?
What concept does Eliade relate to the shaman's experience?
What concept does Eliade relate to the shaman's experience?
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Which group was known for their confrontational approach during Christ's time?
Which group was known for their confrontational approach during Christ's time?
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Which of the following describes the World Tree in shamanistic beliefs?
Which of the following describes the World Tree in shamanistic beliefs?
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What is a characteristic of the beliefs of the serpent handlers?
What is a characteristic of the beliefs of the serpent handlers?
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Who introduced Western audiences to shamanism through his writings?
Who introduced Western audiences to shamanism through his writings?
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What is the significance of the pole in the Sun dance ritual?
What is the significance of the pole in the Sun dance ritual?
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What led to the naming of Devil's Tower?
What led to the naming of Devil's Tower?
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How did the mobility hypothesis suggest societies become patriarchal?
How did the mobility hypothesis suggest societies become patriarchal?
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What was the main purpose of the Malleus Maleficarum?
What was the main purpose of the Malleus Maleficarum?
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Which event initiated the Salem witch hunts?
Which event initiated the Salem witch hunts?
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Who founded Wicca in the 1940s?
Who founded Wicca in the 1940s?
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What does the pentagram symbolize in Wicca?
What does the pentagram symbolize in Wicca?
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What are rituals primarily used for?
What are rituals primarily used for?
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What type of state separates religion and government yet acknowledges them as equal?
What type of state separates religion and government yet acknowledges them as equal?
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Which Eastern religion focuses on ending the cycle of reincarnation through attaining nirvana?
Which Eastern religion focuses on ending the cycle of reincarnation through attaining nirvana?
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Which movement aimed to establish a Catholic monarchy governed by the pope?
Which movement aimed to establish a Catholic monarchy governed by the pope?
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Which clause in the U.S. Constitution prohibits the establishment of an official church?
Which clause in the U.S. Constitution prohibits the establishment of an official church?
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What is the term for the commitment in Islam that includes declaring faith and performing prayers?
What is the term for the commitment in Islam that includes declaring faith and performing prayers?
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Which philosophy in China emphasizes moral aspects like social harmony and filial piety?
Which philosophy in China emphasizes moral aspects like social harmony and filial piety?
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Which aspect of modernism suggests that religious scriptures should not be taken literally?
Which aspect of modernism suggests that religious scriptures should not be taken literally?
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Which of the following represents an atheist state where religion is forbidden?
Which of the following represents an atheist state where religion is forbidden?
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Who is regarded as the founder of the Ras Tafari movement?
Who is regarded as the founder of the Ras Tafari movement?
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What is the sacred text of the Ras Tafari movement?
What is the sacred text of the Ras Tafari movement?
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What belief is central to the Rastafarian view of Haile Selassie I?
What belief is central to the Rastafarian view of Haile Selassie I?
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What is a key ritual practiced in the Ras Tafari movement?
What is a key ritual practiced in the Ras Tafari movement?
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In revitalization movements, what stage follows increased individual/social stress?
In revitalization movements, what stage follows increased individual/social stress?
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What practice was central to the Ghost Dance movement?
What practice was central to the Ghost Dance movement?
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What type of movement is categorized as having both religious and secular characteristics?
What type of movement is categorized as having both religious and secular characteristics?
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In the context of revitalization movements, what does the term 'nativist' refer to?
In the context of revitalization movements, what does the term 'nativist' refer to?
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Which brainwave state is associated with deep sleep and unconsciousness?
Which brainwave state is associated with deep sleep and unconsciousness?
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What state is characterized by experiencing hallucinations as a result of drug use?
What state is characterized by experiencing hallucinations as a result of drug use?
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Which part of the brain is referred to as the 'seat of consciousness'?
Which part of the brain is referred to as the 'seat of consciousness'?
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Who was the original proponent of the term 'animal magnetism' that eventually led to hypnosis?
Who was the original proponent of the term 'animal magnetism' that eventually led to hypnosis?
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What device did Dr. Michael Persinger develop to evoke altered states of consciousness?
What device did Dr. Michael Persinger develop to evoke altered states of consciousness?
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What type of drug is Ayahuasca typically considered?
What type of drug is Ayahuasca typically considered?
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Who was a student of Jean-Martin Charcot and later developed theories related to the subconscious?
Who was a student of Jean-Martin Charcot and later developed theories related to the subconscious?
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Which of the following brain hemispheres is primarily associated with logical and analytical thinking?
Which of the following brain hemispheres is primarily associated with logical and analytical thinking?
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Which leadership structure do Sunni Muslims support?
Which leadership structure do Sunni Muslims support?
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Which group rejects fundamentalism and seeks personal experiences with God?
Which group rejects fundamentalism and seeks personal experiences with God?
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What is the primary belief of extropians in relation to technology?
What is the primary belief of extropians in relation to technology?
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Which religious group was founded by Rael and connects with UFOs and cloning?
Which religious group was founded by Rael and connects with UFOs and cloning?
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Who is considered the founder of the Church of Scientology?
Who is considered the founder of the Church of Scientology?
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What is a defining characteristic of Christian nationalism?
What is a defining characteristic of Christian nationalism?
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What does the Omega point refer to in Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's ideology?
What does the Omega point refer to in Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's ideology?
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What does manifest destiny signify in U.S. history?
What does manifest destiny signify in U.S. history?
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Study Notes
Altered States of Consciousness
- Brainwave states categorized as beta (waking, conscious), alpha (daydreaming, light trance), theta (REM dreaming, deep trance), and delta (deep sleep, unconscious).
- A reminder of the order is BAT-D.
- Hypnagogic state is the transition between sleep and wake.
- Hallucinogenic states are psychedelic, drug-induced states.
- A reminder: "Hallucinate".
- Spirit possession involves feelings of disassociation.
- Hypnotic trance involves hypnosis, trance, or mesmerism.
- Lucid dreaming can occur during REM sleep.
Brain Structures
- The left hemisphere is logical, analytic, and uses linear, sequential time experience.
- The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body.
- The right hemisphere is intuitive, emotional, and holistic, utilizing spatial time experience.
- The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and is connected to altered states of consciousness (ASC).
Other topics
- The pineal gland releases melatonin, and is often called "the 3rd eye."
- The reticular formation, located at the top of the spine, controls sleep and wakefulness and is known as the seat of consciousness.
- Temporal lobes, located above the ears, respond to stimulation with visions and feelings of sensed presence/ASC.
- Hypnosis is a trance state.
- Mesmerism used to be a practiced technique for healing through manipulating animal magnetism; a fluid in the body.
- Hypnotism is a technique developed, not by Mesmer, but by Charcot.
- The God Helmet stimulates the temporal lobes with magnetic fields, creating altered states of consciousness (ASC), and feelings of divinity.
- Doors of Perception, a book by Aldous Huxley, explores experiences with mescaline (a hallucinogen).
- Entheogens are plants used in religious rituals, believed to contain divine energy.
- Examples include Ayahuasca (2 plants, used by Amazonian shamans), Peyote (a cactus with mescaline, used by Native American churches), Ergot (a fungus causing visions like St. Anthony's fire).
- Syncretism is combining two different religions, often impacting the indigenous group.
- Spiritualism emerged from table rappings by Fox sisters; belief in a progressive afterlife/contact with spirits.
- Spirit possession; widespread practices and theories include: Emic theory (actual spirits involved), Theatrical theory (performance), Dissociation theory (temporary ego displacement).
- Afro-christian religions: Vodun, and Santeria, and Candomble.
- Revitalization movements are deliberate attempts to create more satisfying cultures, commonly from colonial responses; can be secular or religious and examples include the Ghost Dance and Cargo Cults.
- Revitalization Movement characteristics; Nativist and nationalist, Millenarian and apocalyptic, Messianic, Prophetic, Syncretistic, Reactionary or traditionalist, Anti-colonial, Non-progressive.
- Spirit possession, rituals, widespread practices and beliefs.
- Serpent handlers: Holiness-Pentecostal practitioners; handle poisonous snakes and drink strychnine as a demonstration of their faith.
- Zapatista Revolt: an uprising in Mexico (1994), seen as possibly a secular Mayan revitalization movement.
- Christian religions: Hellenistic influences, Zealots of Masada (confrontation/guerilla warfare), Essenes (withdraw and rebuild).
- Shamanism: masters of spirits with roles as diviners, healers, judges, prophets, and mediums. Techniques include the use of ecstasy. World tree (Axis Mundi) connects three worlds (Underworld, Middle Realm, Celestial Realm).
- Witchcraft: Evil eye, mobility concerns influencing societal structure (patriarchy/patrilineal, inheritance, etc.)
- Malleus Maleficarum: Dominican book leading to witch trials. Focused on intercourse with the devil and identification marks.
- The Salem Witch Hunt, Tituba, root charms that led to mass hysteria.
- Other Wicca beliefs such as the relationship between ecology, feminism, gods/goddesses duo, practices of belonging to a coven, grove, or practices as a solo practitioners, and other misunderstandings of concepts associated with Wiccan practices.
- Rituals as fixed sequences that obtain specific ends.
- Ritual types including temporal, spatial, and body rituals, and more associated beliefs.
- Liminality in rituals, and the idea of social in-betweenness.
- Solstices and equinoxes define the four seasons and are marked by various rituals worldwide.
- Mayan calendars: The Halve (similar to modern calendar), The Solcan (a 265-day sacred calendar).
- Pilgrimage as a journey to sacred sites of devotion.
- Omphalos is a sacred stone symbolizing the center of the world.
- Pilgrimage sites such as Santiago de Compostela (finding of St. James's bones). Al-Aqsa. Glastonbury, and others.
- Totem and taboo; meaning ancestor or a person's tribe.
- Totemism; clan animal as the legendary ancestor.
- Taboos; forbidden actions, associations.
- Hinduism’s caste system and rules of interaction. Decalogue or Noahide laws.
Religion & the State
- Theocracy; Religion = Law, Divine kingship, Dual state, Secular state, Atheist state.
- Religious writings, fundamentalism vs. modernism, the First Amendment's clauses of establishment and free exercise.
Eastern Religions
- Hinduism (karma, dharma, reincarnation).
- Buddhism (cycle of reincarnation, nirvana).
- Taoism (no deity, harmony with nature).
- Confucianism (social harmony, filial piety).
- Zen Buddhism (focused on learning through paradox).
- Shinto (indigenous religion).
- Theosophical Society; Theosophical society attempted to merge Eastern and Western philosophies.
- I-Ching; is a Chinese oracle used for divination.
Islam
- Five pillars of Islam: Shahada, Salah, Sawm, Zakat, Hajj.
- Succession of leadership; roles of caliphs and imams.
- Wahabbi (religion of Saudi Arabia, Sunni fundamentalists).
- Seven prophets (6th Jesus 7th Muhammad).
- People of the book (Jews and Christians).
- Sufism (a mystical tradition seeking personal experiences).
Techgnosis
- Techgnosis; seeking of knowledge through technology.
- Extropians; are transhumanists that believe in technology to reverse entropy and progress.
- Raelians; have beliefs connected with UFOs.
- Church of Scientology involves monitoring spiritual progress and the use of e-meters.
Miscellaneous
- Scopes Monkey Trial; about teaching Darwinian evolution.
- Sacred Heart Movement; Catholic monarchy/theocracy.
- Christian Nationalism (U.S. founded as a Christian nation).
- Manifest Destiny (God's choice of U.S.).
- Singularity (AI’s sentience).
- Clash of Civilizations (Islam vs. Western civilizations).
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Description
Explore the various altered states of consciousness, including brainwave patterns, hypnagogic states, and the differences between left and right brain functions. This quiz also covers the impact of brain structures on consciousness, and concepts like lucid dreaming and spirit possession. Test your knowledge of these intriguing psychological phenomena!
