ALS Biomarkers and Neurostimulation

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What is the primary characteristic of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

Degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons (correct)
Disruption of blood supply to the brain
Progressive myelin loss affecting nerve impulse conduction
Progressive loss of dopamine in the basal nuclei

What has been observed in early-stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

Progressive loss of dopamine in the basal nuclei
Increased cortical connectivity (correct)
Demyelination of nerve fibers
Reduced activation in specific brain areas

What is the focus of studies using MRI in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

Finding neural biomarkers (correct)
Identifying risk markers of Alzheimer's disease
Evaluating medication effectiveness on lesion load
Assessing the outcome of aphasia rehabilitation treatment

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

Progressive loss of dopamine in the basal nuclei (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

ALS (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which neuroimaging technique is used to study Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

MRI (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in its early stages?

Increased cortical connectivity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of neurostimulation in the context of ALS?

To purposefully modulate the nervous system's activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between DBS and tDCS?

DBS is invasive, while tDCS is non-invasive (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of voltage pulses applied by neurostimulation on neurons?

They cause a depolarization or hyperpolarization of neurons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of the current used in tDCS?

It is not strong enough to trigger an action potential in a neuron (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many studies have tried to find a neural biomarker using MRI for ALS?

More than 100 studies (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of dysarthria?

Social difficulty and depression (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of damage in Ataxic dysarthria?

Cerebellum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Apraxia of speech that is not shared with Dysarthria?

Difficulty with planning and coordinating speech movements (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Flaccid dysarthria?

Spasticity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition of weakness of muscles or difficulty in controlling them?

Dysarthria (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurological disorders is associated with Dysarthria?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers