الرفاه النفسي

Study Notes

Psychological well-being is the state where an individual is satisfied with themselves and has good relationships with others, along with confidence in their abilities and talents, and the ability to face daily life setbacks.
It is essential for a fulfilling life. Without it, one cannot fully appreciate life's opportunities.
Psychological well-being can be improved through preventative or therapeutic programs, provided by qualified professionals.
This process aims to re-establish mental balance, leading to a positive state where the individual is in harmony with themselves and society, allowing them to live a happy life and utilize their potential to the fullest.

Psychological adjustment is the essence of mental health and the objective of psychological treatment.
Adjustment is a continuous process through which individuals strive for harmony between themselves and their environment, modifying their behaviors in response to various stimuli to achieve psychological stability and social adaptation.
Adjustment involves understanding and modifying both oneself and the natural and social environment to find equilibrium between the individual and their environment.
Another definition of adjustment is the ability of a living being to adapt its behavior to its environment.
Poor adjustment results from an incompatibility between behavior and the environment in which the individual lives.

Adjustment involves behaviors aimed at satisfying individual drives, whether basic (hunger, thirst) or secondary (belonging, achievement, control).
It is not a static process confined to a specific situation or period. It's a continuous, dynamic process throughout life as individuals face numerous problems, needs, and situations demanding appropriate responses.
Successful adjustment requires flexibility and the ability to develop new approaches and behaviors to fulfill needs. It also needs adjust existing behaviors that hinder appropriate adaptation.

Frustration is a state of mental tension arising from the inability to satisfy one's needs or desires due to an obstacle. This can lead to personal conflicts and problems.
Frustration can be caused by various obstacles:
- Material obstacles: natural events (storms, floods) or mechanical issues (car breakdown).
- Social obstacles: social norms or societal values that hinder fulfilling a need.
- Personal obstacles: personal disabilities or impairments.

Emotional methods: Increasing effort to solve the problem and achieve success, finding an alternative path, or adjusting the target goal.
Behavioral methods: Changing one's actions to achieve goals, finding alternate ways to succeed, or substituting the original goal with a similar or new one.

Adjustment is primarily a human concept, while adaptation includes both humans and animals, in response to a physical or natural environment.
Adjustment involves managing life issues and needs, while adaptation centers on basic needs, avoiding conflict with surroundings, and achieving a harmonious social adjustment.

Psychological conflict is a condition leading to discomfort or mental pressure arising from an incompatibility among several desires, wills, or choices.
Individuals may face various life situations that involve psychological conflict, requiring them to adapt to the circumstances to fulfill their social or personal needs.

Approach-avoidance conflict: Individuals face a desire to both approach and avoid a specific thing.
Approach-approach conflict: Individuals are faced with choosing between two desirable options.
Avoidance-avoidance conflict: Individuals must choose between two undesirable options.
Multiple approach-avoidance conflict: Individuals face multiple options with both desirable and undesirable aspects.
Unconscious conflict: Conflicts not consciously recognized by the individual, often rooted deep within the psyche.

Psychoanalytic theory: Emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts as driving forces behind behavior; developed by Sigmund Freud.
Behavioral theory: Characterized by a focus on observable behavior.

Defense mechanisms are unconscious processes aimed at reducing stress and emotional discomfort;
These mechanisms can be helpful or detrimental, depending on their intensity.
They can shield individuals from overwhelming stress with or without conscious awareness.