Alpha Q Anatomy Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

The motor cortical center is located in the (also called the primary motor cortex) of the lobe, in the hemisphere of the brain, specifically in the motor area (Brodmann area 4).

precentral gyrus, frontal, left

What are the anatomical structures of the peripheral olfactory brain? (Select all that apply)

Olfactory nerve (correct)

Olfactory bulb (correct)

Piriform cortex

Olfactory epithelium (correct)

Olfactory receptor neurons (correct)

Amygdala

Which of these are anatomical structures of the stria-pallid system? (Select all that apply)

Globus pallidus (correct)

Striatum (correct)

Subthalamic nucleus (correct)

Thalamus (correct)

Substantia nigra (correct)

Hippocampus

Cerebral cortex (correct)

What is the cavity of the telencephalon?

The lateral ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What is Broca's aphasia, and what is it caused by?

Broca's aphasia is a type of expressive aphasia, which is characterized by difficulty producing speech. It is caused by damage to Broca's area in the left frontal lobe. Signup and view all the answers

What part of brain processes visual information?

The occipital lobe Signup and view all the answers

Where is the subcortical center of vision located?

The superior colliculus of the midbrain Signup and view all the answers

Where is the subcortical center of hearing located?

The inferior colliculus of the midbrain Signup and view all the answers

What tract is involved in the extrapyramidal pathway for visual and auditory reflexes?

The tectospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What connects the third and fourth ventricles, and what can happen if it is obstructed?

The aqueduct of Sylvius. Obstruction can lead to hydrocephalus, a condition where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the ventricles, causing increased intracranial pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of changes in fingers, nose, and ears, and what is it called?

Damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. This condition is called acromegaly. Signup and view all the answers

What gland is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, and what is the structure called when it is disrupted?

The pineal gland. Premature puberty. Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain is responsible for the pupillary reflex?

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the midbrain. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these structures belong to the limbic system in the diencephalon? (Select all that apply)

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which are cisterns of the subarachnoid space? (Select all that apply)

Lumbar cistern Signup and view all the answers

What motor pathways involved in central paralysis? (Select all that apply)

Corticospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is checked at the supraorbital notch?

Ophthalmic nerve (V1) Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is checked at the infraorbital foramen?

Maxillary nerve (V2) Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is checked at the mental foramen?

Mandibular nerve (V3) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the lacrimal gland is affected with lesions of the trigeminal nerve?

Dry eye Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the mandibular nerve is affected with lesions of the trigeminal nerve?

Reduced salivation Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is affected when the body of the jaw is fractured?

The inferior alveolar nerve Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is affected by inflammation of the parotid gland, and what condition is this called?

Facial nerve, infectious parotitis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical explanation for the muscle paralysis caused by hypothermia?

The facial nerve controls various facial muscles. Hypothermia can cause damage to the facial nerve, leading to paralysis of the facial muscles. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are affected by paralysis of the facial nerve? (Select all that apply)

Zygomaticus major Signup and view all the answers

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical branches. Signup and view all the answers

What are the muscles controlled by the oculomotor nerve?

Levator palpebrae superioris, sphincter pupillae, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique Signup and view all the answers

What is the external auditory canal?

The tube leading to the eardrum. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these cranial nerves are located in the pons? (Select all that apply)

Trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What happens to visual information when the occipital lobe is damaged?

Visual disturbances, such as blindness or visual field defects. Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical explanation of why the pupillary reflex remains intact despite damage to the occipital lobe?

The pupillary reflex pathway is independent of the visual processing pathway. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Valsalva maneuver not recommended for colds of the upper respiratory tract?

The Valsalva maneuver increases pressure in the upper respiratory tract, which can force infected material into the middle ear or sinuses, worsening inflammation or causing infection spread. It can also exacerbate a blocked Eustachian tube. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are bony landmarks used to determine the serial number of ribs on the anterior surface of the chest? (Select all that apply)

Sternum Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical basis for the formation of the sternum angle?

The junction of the manubrium and body of the sternum Signup and view all the answers

What bony landmarks are used to determine the serial number of ribs on the posterior surface of the chest?

The spinous processes of the seventh cervical, all thoracic vertebrae, and the lower angle of the scapula. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the absence of the xiphoid process in a 4-year-old child?

It is normal. Full ossification occurs around the age of 40 years. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alpha Q Anatomy Study Notes

This document is a study guide for a final exam.
The exam will include multiple-choice questions.
The questions will be based on the provided material.
The material includes information on the location of the motor cortical center, anatomical formations related to smell, anatomical structures of the stria-pallid system, cavity of the telencephalon, anatomical and functional explanation of speech issues, visual dysfunction in occipital lobe damage, subcortical center and extrapyramidal pathway, outcome of aqueduct of Sylvius obstruction, brain region damaged in the patient with changes, premature puberty and epithalamus tumor, pupillary reflex and its pathway, morphological structures of the diencephalon belonging to the limbic system, cisterns of the subarachnoid space, motor pathways and spinal cord columns, cranial nerve nuclei located in the pons, cranial nerve and branches checked, lacrimal and salivary gland dysfunction in trigeminal nerve lesions, fracture of lower jaw and nerve damage, facial paralysis, facial muscle paralysis after hypothermia, facial nerve branches and incision locations and more.
The material covers anatomical locations, structures, and functions, including specific areas like Broca's area, the olfactory system, and visual processing in the occipital lobe.
Several important nerves and pathways are discussed, like the oculomotor nerve, trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, etc.
The study material details different pathologies and their relationship to anatomical damage.
The document includes details on various parts of the brain and associated nerves.
The document covers the anatomical structures and functions of different parts of the nervous system, including the central pathways and specific anatomical locations.
The material details anatomical regions, including the diencephalon, limbic system, subarachnoid space, and cranial nerves.
It also covers different conditions and their impact on specific anatomical structures and functions.
Specific anatomical structures and their associated functions are outlined, including the role of different nerves in speech production, pupillary reaction, etc.
The study guide identifies structures responsible for visual processing, emotional control, and movement coordination.

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Description

Prepare for your final exam with this comprehensive study guide on anatomy. The material covers critical topics including motor cortical centers, visual dysfunction, and cranial nerve nuclei. Ensure you're ready to tackle multiple-choice questions based on this vital anatomical knowledge.