المناخ التنظيمي والإدارة الإبداعية في المدارس

Administrative Leadership

• A leader in administration is not the same as every administrator being a leader.
• Effective administration requires both human and material resources.
• Administration is the process of utilizing resources (human and material) to achieve specific goals.
• Key administrative processes include planning, organizing, directing, execution, monitoring, and evaluation.
• Continuous evaluation is crucial, not just when goals are met.
• General administration encompasses the collective operations that a nation offers its people, through the collaboration of all state institutions.
• Education is part of general administration, not a separate entity.
• Educational administration involves the approach and methodology used to implement education within a specific community.
• Educational administration is a subset of general administration.
• Global administration under the Ministry of Education falls under general administration, as education is a societal service.
• Administrative leaders perform roles that range from planning and organizing to monitoring and evaluation, all aimed at achieving goals.
• Organizing involves distributing tasks and roles.
• Supervision and monitoring aim to prevent issues before they occur.
• Evaluation confirms goal achievement.
• Educational administration operates at national, regional, and local levels (e.g., national, state, provincial, municipal, school).
• Educational administration and general administration share goals and functions, with educational administration focused on the educational sector.

Centralized vs. Decentralized Administration

• Centralized administration is characterized by concentrated power in a single entity, representing a centralized state.

• Principles of centralized administration include concentration of authority.

• Hierarchical structure: Each person reports to someone above them.

• Supervisory authority.

• Decentralized administration involves distributed authority among bodies.

• Decentralized administration distributes authorities to local units, and each unit takes charge of its responsibilities.

• Centralization means the authority to make decisions without consulting higher-level hierarchies (Pyramid structure)

• Decentralization aims to reduce hierarchical layers and distribute power.

Self-Governance in Education

• Self-governance for schools links to decentralized administration.

• Self-governance in schools involves relocating power within schools.

• Self-governance aims to empower schools to manage their affairs independently.

• Core principles of school self-governance include recognizing the inherent potential and autonomy of people in society.

• Self-governance emphasizes the active nature of individuals in improving institutional effectiveness.

• Self-governance embraces the individual's ability to manage themselves along with executing tasks successfully.

• Self-governance empowers a sense of ownership and independence amongst school personnel.

Administrative Goals for Schools

• Increase parental and community involvement in school management.
• Shift decision-making and authority to a more inclusive structure.
• Enhance financial resource management.
• Foster improved academic outcomes and student performance.
• Increase school and community stability and security.

Educational Administration and Development

• Essential aspects of effective educational administration, which includes analysis of internal and external factors (environmental analysis).

• Key administrative features that contribute to effective schools.

• Elements for effective educational administration.

• Importance of administrative action for school development.

Qualities of Effective Educational Leadership

• Effective administrative practices.
• Essential aspects of managerial effectiveness and improvement.

Factors Affecting Administrative Performance

• Barriers to the development of effective administrative practices.
• Factors hindering the development of innovation in educational administration.
• Common obstacles to creating an effective, innovative administrative environment.

Innovative Management in Schools

• Innovation is a crucial aspect of adapting to changing environments.
• The various perspectives of researchers on what innovation entails from the point of view of different schools of thought offer different perspectives and approaches to innovation in administration.
• The key characteristics of an innovative administrative system.
• Principles of development and improvement in educational administrative policies.
• Stages of creative administrative action.
• Barriers to administrative innovation and creative solutions for overcoming those barriers.