Questions and Answers
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with anaphylaxis?
What is one possible consequence of anaphylaxis that affects respiration?
Which of the following therapeutic drugs is commonly administered during anaphylaxis?
Which symptom indicates a severe allergic reaction that may require immediate intervention?
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Which of the following presentations can indicate circulatory compromise in anaphylaxis?
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What characterizes anaphylaxis?
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Which of the following routes of exposure can lead to anaphylaxis?
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Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for allergic reactions?
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What is the initial stage of anaphylaxis characterized by?
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Which system is NOT typically affected during an anaphylactic reaction?
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What percentage of anaphylaxis cases have an unknown trigger?
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Which is a common source of allergens that can trigger anaphylaxis?
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Which of the following describes the progression of anaphylaxis in terms of stages?
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Study Notes
Allergic Reaction vs. Anaphylaxis
- Allergic reactions are generally milder and may include localized symptoms like urticaria.
- Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction, often leading to airway and circulation problems.
Definition of Anaphylaxis
- Anaphylaxis is characterized by rapid and severe symptoms affecting multiple body systems, primarily impacting the airway, breathing, and circulation, along with skin changes.
Routes of Allergen Exposure
- Injection: Direct entry through needle (e.g., bee stings).
- Ingestion: Consuming allergenic foods or substances.
- Absorption: Skin contact with allergens (e.g., certain medications).
- Inhalation: Breathing in allergens (e.g., pollen).
Sources and Triggers of Allergens
- Common triggers include:
- Pharmaceutical products (e.g., antibiotics, vaccines)
- Foods (e.g., peanuts, shellfish)
- Venoms from insect bites
- Various cosmetics
- Additional sources encompass:
- Plants, dust, moulds, and animal dander.
Stages of Anaphylaxis
- The progression involves initial allergic reaction symptoms which rapidly evolve into full-blown anaphylaxis, leading to anaphylactic shock.
Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
- Early symptoms include:
- Itchy rash, swelling around the eyes, and prickly sensations on lips.
- Respiratory symptoms like dry cough and restlessness.
- Severe symptoms include:
- Flushed skin, tachycardia, chest tightness, swollen tongue and throat, wheezing, and hoarseness.
- Critical signs may involve:
- Stridor, hypotension, bronchospasm, cyanosis, circulatory collapse, and respiratory collapse.
- Additional symptoms can manifest as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and confusion.
Drug Therapy for Anaphylaxis
- Oxygen therapy is essential in management.
- Senior clinicians may administer Salbutamol and adrenaline (1:1000 concentration) as treatment options.
- Paramedic intervention is often required for severe cases.
Management of Anaphylaxis
- Identify and remove exposure to the allergen.
- Monitor and maintain airway patency and breathing.
- Administer appropriate medications (e.g., adrenaline) promptly.
- Assess the patient's vital signs and provide emergency care as needed.
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Description
This quiz covers the important concepts related to allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. It includes the differences between an allergic reaction and anaphylaxis, routes of allergen exposure, examples of triggers, stages of anaphylaxis, symptoms, and drug therapies for treatment. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of this critical medical topic.
