26 Questions
How are alkynes named?
By finding the longest carbon chain containing the triple bond and using the suffix -yne
What is the priority order for numbering the carbon atoms in an alkyne chain?
Begin at the end nearer the triple bond
What is required for alkyne formation from alkoxide in ethanol?
Strong base e.g. NaNH2 or molten KOH
How can alkynes be prepared from alkenes?
By elimination reactions
How can ketones be converted to gem-dichlorides?
Through their reaction with phosphorus pentachloride
What type of reaction occurs when gem-dichlorides are treated with strong bases?
(E2) elimination reaction
What type of reaction is predominant when reacting metal acetylides with 2° or 3° alkyl halides?
Elimination
What is the main reason for the relatively low solubility of alkynes in water?
Weak van der Waals forces
What is the product obtained when a terminal alkyne reacts with a strong base such as sodium?
Metal acetylide
Which of the following is a characteristic of terminal alkynes?
Fairly acidic nature
Why are alkynes less reactive than alkenes towards electrophilic reagents?
Accessibility of pi electrons to electrophiles
What is the regioselectivity rule followed in the addition of one or two molar equivalents of hydrogen halides to alkynes?
Markovnikov's rule
How is the addition of water to alkynes affected by the hydroboration-oxidation sequence?
Follows overall anti-Markovnikov
What is the predominant reaction when metal acetylides react with 1° alkyl halide?
Substitution (SN2)
What type of reaction do alkynes undergo with electrophilic reagents?
Electrophilic addition reactions
What type of charge stabilization occurs in terminal alkynes?
Conjugate base stabilization
What is the product of heating a dialkyl ether with HBr?
An alkyl halide and an alcohol
Under what conditions does a 1° alkyl group tend to undergo SN2 displacement?
Excess HI with low temperature
What happens when ethers are exposed to air for an extended period of time?
They form peroxides which are explosive compounds
What is the predominant reaction mechanism when a 3° alkyl group undergoes displacement?
SN1
What is the IUPAC name for the compound C2H5OC2H5?
Ethoxyethane
Which synthesis method is best suited for preparing ethers using a 1° halide?
Williamson’s synthesis
What physical state is methyl ether at room temperature?
Gas
How do ethers compare to isomeric alcohols in terms of boiling points?
Ethers have lower boiling points
What type of reaction do ethers undergo with strong proton donor acids and Lewis acids?
Acid-base reaction
How can the ether be recovered after reacting with a strong proton donor acid or a Lewis acid?
By adding water
Test your knowledge of alkynes nomenclature. Practice naming compounds with triple bonds according to IUPAC rules, including finding the longest carbon chain, numbering the carbon atoms, and listing substituents alphabetically.
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