Organic Chemistry: Quaternary Ammonium & Alkanes

Which suffix is used to denote a ketone in the IUPAC naming system?

What prefix is added to a compound with two hydroxyl groups in IUPAC nomenclature?

In which order are functional groups prioritized for naming alkanes when multiple are present?

What is the correct name for the functional group represented by the suffix -oate?

What characterizes a quaternary ammonium salt according to IUPAC nomenclature?

Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Quaternary ammonium salts are nitrogen compounds bonded to four carbon groups.
This bonding makes the molecule a cation (+ charge).

IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes

Alkene: The suffix "ene" is used. Numbering of the double bond begins with the lowest number possible.
Alkyne: The suffix "yne" is used. Numbering of the triple bond begins with the lowest number possible.
Aldehyde: The suffix "al" is used; it's always the first carbon in the chain.
Ketone: The suffix "one" is used. Numbering follows standard rules.
Carboxylic acid: The suffix "oic acid" is used; it's always the first carbon.
Amide: The suffix "amide" is used; it's always the first carbon.
Ester: The suffix "oate" is used. The part bonded to the oxygen is named first, followed by the alkane name with the "oate" suffix.
Multiple functional groups:
- Priority is given to the strongest functional group, making it the suffix in the name
- Other functional groups become prefixes.
- Prefixes like "di" show multiple identical groups.
Example naming:
- 1-chloro-2,4-heptadiene

This quiz covers the basics of quaternary ammonium salts and their chemical properties, as well as the IUPAC nomenclature for various organic compounds including alkenes, alkynes, and carboxylic acids. Test your knowledge on how to correctly identify and name these compounds using the appropriate suffixes and rules.