Organic Chemistry: Quaternary Ammonium & Alkanes

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Questions and Answers

Which suffix is used to denote a ketone in the IUPAC naming system?

-al
-one (correct)
-oic acid
-amine

What prefix is added to a compound with two hydroxyl groups in IUPAC nomenclature?

tetra
tri
di (correct)
bis

In which order are functional groups prioritized for naming alkanes when multiple are present?

Based on a priority table (correct)
Based on their molecular size
Random order
Alphabetical order

What is the correct name for the functional group represented by the suffix -oate?

<p>Ester (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a quaternary ammonium salt according to IUPAC nomenclature?

<p>A nitrogen atom bonded to four carbons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alkane Naming Suffix

The ending of an alkane's name indicates its functional group. For example, '-ene' indicates an alkene, '-yne' indicates an alkyne, and '-al' indicates an aldehyde.

Priority Order of Functional Groups

When multiple functional groups are present in a molecule, their order of importance determines the name. Stronger groups are named first, followed by weaker groups. This order is based on a priority table, however the table is not provided here.

Indicating Multiple Functional Groups

If a molecule contains two or more of the same functional group, the number of groups is indicated by prefixes such as 'di' (two), 'tri' (three), or 'tetra' (four) before the functional group name.

Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Quaternary ammonium salts are ionic compounds where a nitrogen atom is bonded to four carbon atoms, resulting in a positively charged cation.

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Identifying the Carbon Chain

When naming compounds, the longest continuous carbon chain is identified and numbered to indicate the position of any attached functional groups or substituents.

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Study Notes

Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Quaternary ammonium salts are nitrogen compounds bonded to four carbon groups.
This bonding makes the molecule a cation (+ charge).

IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes

Alkene: The suffix "ene" is used. Numbering of the double bond begins with the lowest number possible.
Alkyne: The suffix "yne" is used. Numbering of the triple bond begins with the lowest number possible.
Aldehyde: The suffix "al" is used; it's always the first carbon in the chain.
Ketone: The suffix "one" is used. Numbering follows standard rules.
Carboxylic acid: The suffix "oic acid" is used; it's always the first carbon.
Amide: The suffix "amide" is used; it's always the first carbon.
Ester: The suffix "oate" is used. The part bonded to the oxygen is named first, followed by the alkane name with the "oate" suffix.
Multiple functional groups:
- Priority is given to the strongest functional group, making it the suffix in the name
- Other functional groups become prefixes.
- Prefixes like "di" show multiple identical groups.
Example naming:
- 1-chloro-2,4-heptadiene

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of quaternary ammonium salts and their chemical properties, as well as the IUPAC nomenclature for various organic compounds including alkenes, alkynes, and carboxylic acids. Test your knowledge on how to correctly identify and name these compounds using the appropriate suffixes and rules.