Alkanes and Alkenes Reactions Quiz

Types of Reactions of Alkanes

• Alkanes primarily undergo two types of reactions: combustion and substitution.

Combustion Reactions

• In combustion reactions, alkanes react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat.

Homologous Compounds with Double Bonds

• The family of homologous compounds containing carbon-carbon double bonds is called alkenes.

General Formula for Alkenes

• The general formula for alkenes is C_nH_(2n).

IUPAC Naming of Alkenes

• The IUPAC name for CH3CH=CHCH3 is propene (specifically, it is 2-butene, since the double bond is between the second and third carbon).
• The IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 is 1-pentene.
• The IUPAC name for the compound with the structural formula CH3CH2CH=CHCH3 is 2-pentene.

Structural Formulas

• Structural formula for 4-methyl-2-pentene includes a double bond between the second and third carbons with a methyl group on the fourth carbon.
• The structural formula for 1-methylcyclopentene features a methyl group on the first carbon of a cyclopentene ring.

Isomerism

• Cis isomer is characterized by substituents being on the same side of the double bond (for example, in 2-butene).
• Trans isomer features substituents on opposite sides of the double bond, exhibited by trans-3-methyl-2-pentene which showcases geometric isomerism.

More IUPAC Names

• The IUPAC name for 1,3-dimethylcyclohexene involves a cyclohexene ring with methyl groups attached at the first and third carbons.
• The IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCH3 is 1-hexene.
• The IUPAC name for CH3CH=CHCH2CH(CH3)CH3 is recognized as 3-methyl-1-pentene.