Aliphatic Compounds Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the product of the reduction of a nitrile using LiAlH4 in dry ether?

amine

N.S.- PBr3, Heat - SOCl2, Heat - HCl(g), Heat - ___

PCl5

What compound is formed when a primary alcohol is oxidized using K2Cr2O7(aq) and H2SO4(aq)?

  • Ketone (correct)
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Aldehyde
  • Ester

What reagent is used for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones?

<p>LiAlH4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following carbonyl compound with the correct oxidation method:

<p>CHO/COC = KMnO4(aq) H2SO4(aq), Heat - K2Cr2O7(aq) RCO2H = I2(aq) in NaOH - Warm, then dilute H2SO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amine RNH2 can be converted to a secondary amine RNHR' through a process involving _.

<p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Aliphatic Compounds

Alkanes

  • Combustion reactions: CO2 + H2O with excess O2, CO + H2O with limited O2
  • Reduction reactions: H2, Pt/Pd, H2, Ni, Heat
  • Elimination reactions: KOH(alc)/NaOH (alc), Heat

Alkenes

  • Characterized by the presence of a C=C bond
  • Unknown properties (q)

Halogenoalkanes

  • General formula: RX
  • Nucleophilic Substitution (N.S.) reactions: NaOH, Heat; PBr3, Heat; SOCl2, Heat; HCl(g), Heat; PCl5
  • Electrophilic Addition (E.A.) reactions: Br2 in CCl4, resulting in a color change from orange to colorless
  • Hydrogen halide gas reactions: HBr(g)
  • Reaction with RONa and EtOH: forms Nats

Alcohols

  • General formula: ROH
  • Elimination reactions: Excess conc. H2SO4, Heat or Al2O3, Heat
  • Oxidative cleavage reactions: KMnO4(aq), H2SO4(aq), Heat
  • Condensation reactions: RCO2H, ROH, H2SO4(aq), Heat
  • Reduction reactions: LiAlH4, in dry ether
  • Oxidation reactions: K2Cr2O7(aq), H2SO4(aq), Heat; KMnO4(aq)
  • Primary (1°) alcohol oxidation: forms RCHO
  • Secondary (2°) alcohol oxidation: forms RCOR

Nitriles

  • General formula: RCN
  • Nucleophilic Substitution (N.S.) reactions: KCN(alc), Heat; 1° RNH2, excess NH3, Heat in a sealed tube
  • Reduction reactions: LiAlH4, in dry ether

Amines

  • General formula: RNH2
  • Reaction with 2° RNHR': forms R3N, Heat
  • Reaction with HCN(aq): requires trace NaOH(aq)
  • Hydrolysis reactions: H2SO4(aq), Heat
  • Reduction reactions: LiAlH4, in dry ether

Carbonyls

  • General formula: CHO/COC
  • Oxidation reactions: KMnO4(aq), H2SO4(aq), Heat; K2Cr2O7(aq)
  • Iodoform reaction: I2(aq) in NaOH, Warm, then dilute H2SO4

Carboxylic Acids

  • General formula: RCO2H
  • Hydrolysis/Nucleophilic Substitution (N.S.) reactions: H2O
  • Decarboxylation reactions: Na/NaOH/NaHCO3/Na2CO3, Soda lime, Heat

Alkane Sodium Salt

  • General formula: RCO2Na
  • Hydrolysis reactions: HCl(aq), H2SO4(aq), NaOH(aq), Heat
  • Nucleophilic Substitution (N.S.) reactions: NH3/RNH2

Alkyl Chloride

  • General formula: RCOCl
  • Nucleophilic Substitution (N.S.) reactions: PCl5, SOCl2, Heat, PC13, Heat

Amides

  • General formula: RCONH2

Free Radical Substitution

  • Initiation reaction: Cl2 -> 2Cl
  • Propagation reaction: CH3CH2

Aliphatic Compounds

Alkanes

  • Combustion reactions: CO2 + H2O with excess O2, CO + H2O with limited O2
  • Reduction reactions: H2, Pt/Pd, H2, Ni, Heat
  • Elimination reactions: KOH(alc)/NaOH (alc), Heat

Alkenes

  • Characterized by the presence of a C=C bond
  • Unknown properties (q)

Halogenoalkanes

  • General formula: RX
  • Nucleophilic Substitution (N.S.) reactions: NaOH, Heat; PBr3, Heat; SOCl2, Heat; HCl(g), Heat; PCl5
  • Electrophilic Addition (E.A.) reactions: Br2 in CCl4, resulting in a color change from orange to colorless
  • Hydrogen halide gas reactions: HBr(g)
  • Reaction with RONa and EtOH: forms Nats

Alcohols

  • General formula: ROH
  • Elimination reactions: Excess conc. H2SO4, Heat or Al2O3, Heat
  • Oxidative cleavage reactions: KMnO4(aq), H2SO4(aq), Heat
  • Condensation reactions: RCO2H, ROH, H2SO4(aq), Heat
  • Reduction reactions: LiAlH4, in dry ether
  • Oxidation reactions: K2Cr2O7(aq), H2SO4(aq), Heat; KMnO4(aq)
  • Primary (1°) alcohol oxidation: forms RCHO
  • Secondary (2°) alcohol oxidation: forms RCOR

Nitriles

  • General formula: RCN
  • Nucleophilic Substitution (N.S.) reactions: KCN(alc), Heat; 1° RNH2, excess NH3, Heat in a sealed tube
  • Reduction reactions: LiAlH4, in dry ether

Amines

  • General formula: RNH2
  • Reaction with 2° RNHR': forms R3N, Heat
  • Reaction with HCN(aq): requires trace NaOH(aq)
  • Hydrolysis reactions: H2SO4(aq), Heat
  • Reduction reactions: LiAlH4, in dry ether

Carbonyls

  • General formula: CHO/COC
  • Oxidation reactions: KMnO4(aq), H2SO4(aq), Heat; K2Cr2O7(aq)
  • Iodoform reaction: I2(aq) in NaOH, Warm, then dilute H2SO4

Carboxylic Acids

  • General formula: RCO2H
  • Hydrolysis/Nucleophilic Substitution (N.S.) reactions: H2O
  • Decarboxylation reactions: Na/NaOH/NaHCO3/Na2CO3, Soda lime, Heat

Alkane Sodium Salt

  • General formula: RCO2Na
  • Hydrolysis reactions: HCl(aq), H2SO4(aq), NaOH(aq), Heat
  • Nucleophilic Substitution (N.S.) reactions: NH3/RNH2

Alkyl Chloride

  • General formula: RCOCl
  • Nucleophilic Substitution (N.S.) reactions: PCl5, SOCl2, Heat, PC13, Heat

Amides

  • General formula: RCONH2

Free Radical Substitution

  • Initiation reaction: Cl2 -> 2Cl
  • Propagation reaction: CH3CH2

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