Algae and Protozoans

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic primarily distinguishes algae from protozoans?

  • Presence of a cell wall.
  • Presence of a nucleus.
  • Ability to perform photosynthesis. (correct)
  • Mode of reproduction.

Which of the following algal groups is characterized by having silica in their cell walls?

  • Phaeophyta
  • Chlorophyta
  • Chrysophyta (correct)
  • Rhodophyta

A scientist discovers a new unicellular organism in a pond. It is eukaryotic, motile, and lacks a cell wall. Based on this information, the organism is most likely a:

  • Protozoan (correct)
  • Fungus
  • Bacterium
  • Alga

Which of the following protozoans is notable for lacking a cyst stage in its life cycle, requiring direct host-to-host transfer?

<p>Trichomonas vaginalis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of schizogony, a form of asexual reproduction, is characterized by:

<p>Multiple divisions of the nucleus before the cell divides. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of protozoans is known for having a complex life cycle, often involving multiple hosts?

<p>Apicomplexa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diatoms, a type of algae, play a significant role in global ecology due to their:

<p>Contribution as a major source of atmospheric oxygen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with HIV is diagnosed with a disease caused by a protozoan. Which of the following protozoan groups is most likely responsible for the opportunistic infection?

<p>Microspora (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Agar, a substance commonly used in microbiology for preparing culture media, is extracted from which type of algae?

<p>Red algae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The trophozoite form of a protozoan is characterized by:

<p>A motile, active, and feeding stage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following protozoans is commonly found in water and can cause diarrheal diseases?

<p>Balantidium coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A water sample is analyzed and found to contain a protozoan that moves using pseudopods. Which of the following genera is the most likely source?

<p>Entamoeba (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on their cellular structure, both algae and protozoans are classified as:

<p>Eukaryotes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protozoan's life cycle includes both a trophozoite and a cyst stage, allowing it to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions?

<p>Giardia lamblia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering their ecological roles, which of the following groups of algae contributes significantly to carbon fixation in aquatic ecosystems?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with malaria. Which protozoan genus is responsible?

<p>Plasmodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which algal group is commonly known as brown algae and includes large seaweeds like kelp?

<p>Phaeophyta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A protozoan parasite requires a moist environment to thrive. Which adaptation is most crucial for its survival when the environment dries out?

<p>Formation of a cyst (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is unique to algae among the listed organisms?

<p>Chlorophyll-based photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the environmental trigger that most commonly stimulates a protozoan to transform from a trophozoite to a cyst?

<p>Depletion of moisture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is commonly found among protozoans but not in algae?

<p>Heterotrophic nutrition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the life cycle of protozoans important in controlling diseases caused by these organisms?

<p>It enables the development of strategies to interrupt transmission and target vulnerable stages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of silica in the cell walls of diatoms benefit these algae?

<p>It provides structural support and protection against predators. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a new drug is designed to specifically inhibit schizogony, which type of organism would it most likely target?

<p>Protozoans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Trichomonas vaginalis required to have a direct host-to-host transfer, unlike other protozoans, to ensure its survival?

<p>It lacks a cyst stage, making it unable to survive in external environments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of Apicomplexa makes them significant in human and animal health?

<p>Their complex life cycles involving multiple hosts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are diatoms considered crucial for maintaining life on Earth?

<p>They are responsible for a significant portion of global oxygen production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adaptation allows Giardia lamblia to survive for extended periods outside a host?

<p>Its production of a protective cyst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of pseudopods in Entamoeba histolytica contribute to its pathogenicity?

<p>They enhance adhesion to intestinal surfaces, facilitating tissue invasion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of water treatment, why is it important to understand the life cycle and characteristics of protozoans?

<p>To develop effective methods for their inactivation and removal from drinking water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors would be MOST important in determining the environmental conditions where algae are likely to thrive?

<p>Access to sunlight and sufficient water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific characteristic of Balantidium coli distinguishes it from most other protozoan parasites affecting humans?

<p>It is the only ciliated protozoan known to infect humans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does infection with Microspora often present a greater risk to individuals with HIV?

<p>Impaired immunity in HIV patients cannot effectively control the infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the complex life cycle of organisms like Plasmodium and Toxoplasma gondii complicate the development of effective control strategies?

<p>Their ability to infect multiple hosts increases transmission pathways needing to be controlled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the cysts produced by protozoans and the spores produced by some bacteria or fungi?

<p>Cysts contain all the necessary components for future growth, whereas spores require external sources of nutrition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does enhanced understanding of algal physiology inform strategies in environmental conservation?

<p>By mitigating algal blooms through precise nutrient management. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a municipal water supply is contaminated with protozoan cysts, which treatment process would be most effective at removing or inactivating them?

<p>Ozonation or UV radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason brown algae can grow much larger and more complex than green algae?

<p>Brown algae have evolved special structures for nutrient transport and anchorage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a scenario where a new species of algae is discovered that efficiently absorbs heavy metals from contaminated water. Why might this discovery be significant?

<p>It could offer a cost-effective way to purify water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way is understanding the genetic variability of protozoan pathogens important for clinical treatments?

<p>It allows for customized selection of drugs that are most effective against specific strains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are Algae?

Photosynthetic, aquatic organisms.

What is Chlorophyta?

Green algae. A type of algae.

What is Rhodophyta?

Red algae; cell wall contains agar.

What is Phaeophyta?

Brown algae.

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What is Chrysophyta?

Golden & yellow-green algae & diatoms; cell wall contains silica.

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What are Diatoms?

Major source of the world’s oxygen.

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What are Protozoans?

Eukaryotic, unicellular organisms lacking a cell wall. They are mostly motile and require a moist environment to survive.

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What is a Trophozoite?

Motile, active, feeding form of a protozoan.

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What is a Cyst?

Dormant form of a protozoan, occurring in unfavorable environments.

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What is Schizogony?

Asexual reproduction in protozoans where the nucleus undergoes multiple divisions before the cell divides.

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What is Trichomonas Vaginalis?

Protozoan that lacks a cyst stage and must be transferred quickly from host to host.

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What is Giardia Lamblia?

Protozoan that has a cyst stage.

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What is Microspora?

Protozoan that cause many diseases in HIV patients.

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What is Balantidium Coli?

Protozoan found in water.

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What is Trypanosoma?

Flagellated protozoan.

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What is Entamoeba Histolytica?

Protozoan found in soil and water that has pseudopods.

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What are Apicomplexa?

Protozoans with a complex life cycle involving several hosts; includes Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii, and Cryptosporidium.

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What is Plasmodium?

Apicomplexan protozoan that causes malaria.

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What is Toxoplasma gondii?

Causes toxoplasmosis.

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What is Cryptosporidium?

Apicomplexan protozoan that can cause diarrheal illness.

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Study Notes

  • Algae are photosynthetic, aquatic organisms that reproduce both asexually and sexually

Classification of Algae

  • Chlorophyta: green algae
  • Rhodophyta: red algae, cell walls contain agar
  • Phaeophyta: brown algae
  • Chrysophyta: golden and yellow-green algae and diatoms, cell walls contain silica, diatoms are a major source of the world’s oxygen
  • Protozoans are eukaryotes and unicellular organisms that lack a cell wall
  • Protozoans are mostly motile and require a moist environment to survive
  • Trophozoite: motile, active, feeding form of protozoans
  • Cyst: dormant form of protozoans during unfavorable conditions

Life Cycle of Protozoans

  • Asexual reproduction occurs through schizogony, where the nucleus undergoes multiple divisions before the cell divides

Important Protozoans

  • Trichomonas Vaginalis: lacks a cyst stage, requires quick transfer from host to host
  • Giardia Lamblia: possesses a cyst stage
  • Microspora: causes various diseases in HIV patients
  • Balantidium Coli: found in water
  • Trypanosoma: flagellated protozoan
  • Entamoeba Histolytica: present in soil and water, utilizes pseudopods
  • Apicomplexa: exhibits a complex life cycle involving several hosts, examples include Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii, and Cryptosporidium

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