Alcohol and Brain Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the changes that occur in the brain as individuals drink more alcohol over time?

  • The brain structure and function remain unchanged despite increased alcohol consumption.
  • The brain structure and function undergo progressive changes that can compromise brain function. (correct)
  • The brain structure and function become more resilient and adaptable to alcohol consumption.
  • The brain structure and function experience temporary changes that are quickly reversed when alcohol consumption stops.

    • How does the passage describe the relationship between the three stages of the addiction cycle?

  • The three stages are interconnected and feed on each other. (correct)
  • The three stages are independent and do not influence each other.
  • The three stages are cyclical, but a person can only enter the cycle at the first stage.
  • The three stages are linear, with each stage leading directly to the next.

    • What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in the addiction cycle according to the passage?

  • The prefrontal cortex is responsible for the executive function stage. (correct)
  • The prefrontal cortex is responsible for the negative emotional states stage.
  • The prefrontal cortex is responsible for the incentive salience stage.
  • The prefrontal cortex is not involved in the addiction cycle.

    • According to the passage, how can the addiction cycle be entered?

    <p>A person can enter the addiction cycle at any of the three stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the extended amygdala in the addiction cycle according to the passage?

    <p>The extended amygdala is responsible for the negative emotional states stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the basal ganglia in the addiction cycle according to the passage?

    <p>The basal ganglia are responsible for the incentive salience stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, how long can the changes in the brain caused by alcohol consumption endure?

    <p>The changes in the brain can endure long after a person stops consuming alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the three stages of the addiction cycle described in the passage?

    <p>The three stages are interconnected and can be entered at any point in the cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences how people use substances and think about substance users?

    <p>Family history of substance use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for the low treatment prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of 'rehab centers' have proliferated as a result of the factors impacting treatment uptake for AUD?

    <p>Private, for-profit centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common misconception or stigma about patients with AUDs that can impact treatment uptake?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the WHO Alcohol Use Risk Levels diagram, which level represents the 'green box' that we should aim to get people into?

    <p>Low-risk drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a factor that can contribute to higher rates of substance use problems?

    <p>Socioeconomic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason given in the text for the low treatment prevalence of AUD?

    <p>Stigma about patients with AUDs and clinicians not being well-trained in screening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a way to get people into the 'green box' of low-risk drinking on the WHO Alcohol Use Risk Levels diagram?

    <p>Implementing mandatory alcohol use screening for all adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been the trend of buprenorphine use across most states in the past decade?

    <p>Buprenorphine use has risen across most states over the past decade, but cannot keep pace with need/use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as a more common option for treating addiction in other countries compared to the United States?

    <p>Prescription heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key finding from the randomized controlled trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2009?

    <p>Prescription heroin led to a 67% reduction in use compared to methadone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key change that occurred in Portugal's drug policy in 2001?

    <p>Portugal decriminalized the use of all drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial impact of Portugal's drug policy change in the mid-2010s?

    <p>There were large reductions in HIV and drug-related crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key change in Portugal's drug oversight operation that occurred in 2012?

    <p>Portugal decentralized its drug oversight operation, leading to a funding drop and outsourcing of work to nonprofit groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend has been observed in the prevalence of high-risk opioid use in Portugal compared to other European countries?

    <p>The prevalence of high-risk opioid use in Portugal is higher than Germany's, but lower than France and Italy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue has been observed in Oregon's decriminalization experience since 2020?

    <p>Oregon has not included any enforcement provisions in its decriminalization policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments was found to be superior to other treatments in terms of continuous abstinence and percentage of days abstinent?

    <p>AA/12-step treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic premise of the NIAAA Treatment Navigator website?

    <p>It guides patients and providers to evidence-based treatments that match specific client backgrounds and needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as an effective treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)?

    <p>Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the traditional blame approach and Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) in treating Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)?

    <p>MET focuses on exploring the client's goals and reasons for wanting or not wanting to change, while the traditional approach blames the client</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key premise of the Controlled drinking/Guided Self-Change approach to treating Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)?

    <p>Problem drinkers can consume alcohol in moderation and avoid inebriation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following non-spiritual peer-support interventions for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is mentioned?

    <p>LifeRing or SMART Recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key focus of Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) according to the text?

    <p>Using other drugs to combat opioid cravings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statistic is provided in the text regarding the utilization of medications for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)?

    <p>87% of people with OUD do not receive evidence-based treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is the primary role of the incentive salience circuits during the binge/intoxication stage?

    <p>To link the rewarding effects of alcohol with environmental cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the reward systems of the basal ganglia during the withdrawal/negative affect stage?

    <p>They experience diminished activation, making it difficult to experience the pleasures of everyday living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the basal ganglia's reward system in the addiction cycle?

    <p>It reinforces alcohol drinking behavior by linking rewards with environmental cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of the negative feelings associated with alcohol withdrawal, according to the passage?

    <p>Both a reward deficit and the physical and emotional symptoms of withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which brain region is primarily involved in linking environmental cues with the rewarding effects of alcohol?

    <p>The incentive salience circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the addiction cycle does the basal ganglia's reward system become reinforced, increasing the likelihood of repeated alcohol consumption?

    <p>Binge/intoxication stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a withdrawal symptom in the passage?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason given in the passage for why a person feels the need to continue drinking alcohol during the withdrawal/negative affect stage?

    <p>To temporarily relieve the discomfort and emotional pain of withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

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