Alcohol and Brain Function Quiz

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Which of the following best describes the changes that occur in the brain as individuals drink more alcohol over time?

The brain structure and function remain unchanged despite increased alcohol consumption.

The brain structure and function undergo progressive changes that can compromise brain function. (correct)

The brain structure and function become more resilient and adaptable to alcohol consumption.

The brain structure and function experience temporary changes that are quickly reversed when alcohol consumption stops.

How does the passage describe the relationship between the three stages of the addiction cycle?

The three stages are interconnected and feed on each other. (correct)

The three stages are independent and do not influence each other.

The three stages are cyclical, but a person can only enter the cycle at the first stage.

The three stages are linear, with each stage leading directly to the next.

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in the addiction cycle according to the passage?

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for the executive function stage. (correct)

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for the negative emotional states stage.

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for the incentive salience stage.

The prefrontal cortex is not involved in the addiction cycle.

According to the passage, how can the addiction cycle be entered?

A person can enter the addiction cycle at any of the three stages. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the extended amygdala in the addiction cycle according to the passage?

The extended amygdala is responsible for the negative emotional states stage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the basal ganglia in the addiction cycle according to the passage?

The basal ganglia are responsible for the incentive salience stage. Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, how long can the changes in the brain caused by alcohol consumption endure?

The changes in the brain can endure long after a person stops consuming alcohol. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the three stages of the addiction cycle described in the passage?

The three stages are interconnected and can be entered at any point in the cycle. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences how people use substances and think about substance users?

Family history of substance use Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for the low treatment prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What type of 'rehab centers' have proliferated as a result of the factors impacting treatment uptake for AUD?

Private, for-profit centers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception or stigma about patients with AUDs that can impact treatment uptake?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

According to the WHO Alcohol Use Risk Levels diagram, which level represents the 'green box' that we should aim to get people into?

Low-risk drinking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a factor that can contribute to higher rates of substance use problems?

Socioeconomic status Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason given in the text for the low treatment prevalence of AUD?

Stigma about patients with AUDs and clinicians not being well-trained in screening Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a way to get people into the 'green box' of low-risk drinking on the WHO Alcohol Use Risk Levels diagram?

Implementing mandatory alcohol use screening for all adults Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend of buprenorphine use across most states in the past decade?

Buprenorphine use has risen across most states over the past decade, but cannot keep pace with need/use. Signup and view all the answers

What is described as a more common option for treating addiction in other countries compared to the United States?

Prescription heroin Signup and view all the answers

What was the key finding from the randomized controlled trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2009?

Prescription heroin led to a 67% reduction in use compared to methadone. Signup and view all the answers

What was the key change that occurred in Portugal's drug policy in 2001?

Portugal decriminalized the use of all drugs. Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial impact of Portugal's drug policy change in the mid-2010s?

There were large reductions in HIV and drug-related crime. Signup and view all the answers

What was the key change in Portugal's drug oversight operation that occurred in 2012?

Portugal decentralized its drug oversight operation, leading to a funding drop and outsourcing of work to nonprofit groups. Signup and view all the answers

What trend has been observed in the prevalence of high-risk opioid use in Portugal compared to other European countries?

The prevalence of high-risk opioid use in Portugal is higher than Germany's, but lower than France and Italy. Signup and view all the answers

What issue has been observed in Oregon's decriminalization experience since 2020?

Oregon has not included any enforcement provisions in its decriminalization policy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments was found to be superior to other treatments in terms of continuous abstinence and percentage of days abstinent?

AA/12-step treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic premise of the NIAAA Treatment Navigator website?

It guides patients and providers to evidence-based treatments that match specific client backgrounds and needs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as an effective treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)?

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the traditional blame approach and Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) in treating Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)?

MET focuses on exploring the client's goals and reasons for wanting or not wanting to change, while the traditional approach blames the client Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key premise of the Controlled drinking/Guided Self-Change approach to treating Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)?

Problem drinkers can consume alcohol in moderation and avoid inebriation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following non-spiritual peer-support interventions for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is mentioned?

LifeRing or SMART Recovery Signup and view all the answers

What is the key focus of Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) according to the text?

Using other drugs to combat opioid cravings Signup and view all the answers

What statistic is provided in the text regarding the utilization of medications for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)?

87% of people with OUD do not receive evidence-based treatments Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the primary role of the incentive salience circuits during the binge/intoxication stage?

To link the rewarding effects of alcohol with environmental cues Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the reward systems of the basal ganglia during the withdrawal/negative affect stage?

They experience diminished activation, making it difficult to experience the pleasures of everyday living Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the basal ganglia's reward system in the addiction cycle?

It reinforces alcohol drinking behavior by linking rewards with environmental cues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of the negative feelings associated with alcohol withdrawal, according to the passage?

Both a reward deficit and the physical and emotional symptoms of withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which brain region is primarily involved in linking environmental cues with the rewarding effects of alcohol?

The incentive salience circuits Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the addiction cycle does the basal ganglia's reward system become reinforced, increasing the likelihood of repeated alcohol consumption?

Binge/intoxication stage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a withdrawal symptom in the passage?

Hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason given in the passage for why a person feels the need to continue drinking alcohol during the withdrawal/negative affect stage?

To temporarily relieve the discomfort and emotional pain of withdrawal Signup and view all the answers