Podcast
Questions and Answers
In what year did Albert Einstein complete his schooling in Switzerland?
In what year did Albert Einstein complete his schooling in Switzerland?
What was the name of the journal in which Albert Einstein published his four landmark papers in 1905?
What was the name of the journal in which Albert Einstein published his four landmark papers in 1905?
In what year did Albert Einstein receive the Nobel Prize in Physics?
In what year did Albert Einstein receive the Nobel Prize in Physics?
What type of award did Albert Einstein receive in 1905?
What type of award did Albert Einstein receive in 1905?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the name of the business that Albert Einstein's father owned?
What was the name of the business that Albert Einstein's father owned?
Signup and view all the answers
In what year did Albert Einstein publish "General Theory of Relativity"?
In what year did Albert Einstein publish "General Theory of Relativity"?
Signup and view all the answers
What year did Albert Einstein die?
What year did Albert Einstein die?
Signup and view all the answers
What institution did Albert Einstein work at during his early career?
What institution did Albert Einstein work at during his early career?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following scientists is NOT associated with the 1953 discovery of the structure of DNA?
Which of the following scientists is NOT associated with the 1953 discovery of the structure of DNA?
Signup and view all the answers
In which year did Erwin Schrödinger begin studying Physics at the University of Vienna?
In which year did Erwin Schrödinger begin studying Physics at the University of Vienna?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a scientist mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a scientist mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scientist, mentioned in the text, studied physics at University College London?
Which scientist, mentioned in the text, studied physics at University College London?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the year range associated with the Cambridge work of Francis Crick?
What is the year range associated with the Cambridge work of Francis Crick?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following scientists studied at the University of Zurich, Switzerland?
Which of the following scientists studied at the University of Zurich, Switzerland?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following years is when Francis Crick and James Watson got their Nobel Prizes?
Which of the following years is when Francis Crick and James Watson got their Nobel Prizes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scientist was awarded a Nobel Prize for their research involving a type of star known as a Cepheid variable?
Which scientist was awarded a Nobel Prize for their research involving a type of star known as a Cepheid variable?
Signup and view all the answers
In what year did Marie Curie, and her husband, Pierre Curie, receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for their research in radioactivity?
In what year did Marie Curie, and her husband, Pierre Curie, receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for their research in radioactivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What year did Henri Becquerel, the scientist whose studies inspired Marie Curie, discover that certain chemical elements were radioactive?
What year did Henri Becquerel, the scientist whose studies inspired Marie Curie, discover that certain chemical elements were radioactive?
Signup and view all the answers
Marie Curie's research helped pave the way for what medical breakthrough?
Marie Curie's research helped pave the way for what medical breakthrough?
Signup and view all the answers
In what year was Marie Curie born?
In what year was Marie Curie born?
Signup and view all the answers
In what year did Marie Curie, and her husband, Pierre Curie, discover the radioactive element polonium?
In what year did Marie Curie, and her husband, Pierre Curie, discover the radioactive element polonium?
Signup and view all the answers
What was Marie Curie's maiden name?
What was Marie Curie's maiden name?
Signup and view all the answers
In what year did Marie Curie coin the term 'radioactivity'?
In what year did Marie Curie coin the term 'radioactivity'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following scientists were NOT directly involved in the research on radioactive elements?
Which of the following scientists were NOT directly involved in the research on radioactive elements?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards
General Theory of Relativity
General Theory of Relativity
Einstein's theory published in 1915 that transformed physics concerning gravity, space, and time.
Special Theory of Relativity
Special Theory of Relativity
Einstein's 1905 theory explaining the physics of objects in uniform motion and the constancy of light speed.
Nobel Prize in Physics
Nobel Prize in Physics
Prestigious award won by Einstein in 1921 for his explanations of the photoelectric effect.
Thought Experiments
Thought Experiments
Signup and view all the flashcards
1905 Papers
1905 Papers
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ulm, Germany
Ulm, Germany
Signup and view all the flashcards
Einstein's Career Start
Einstein's Career Start
Signup and view all the flashcards
Impact on Technology
Impact on Technology
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cepheid variable stars
Cepheid variable stars
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henrietta Swan Leavitt
Henrietta Swan Leavitt
Signup and view all the flashcards
Erwin Schrödinger
Erwin Schrödinger
Signup and view all the flashcards
Primitive atmosphere gases
Primitive atmosphere gases
Signup and view all the flashcards
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Signup and view all the flashcards
Discovery of DNA structure
Discovery of DNA structure
Signup and view all the flashcards
Francis Crick
Francis Crick
Signup and view all the flashcards
Photographic plates in astronomy
Photographic plates in astronomy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Marie Curie
Marie Curie
Signup and view all the flashcards
Polonium
Polonium
Signup and view all the flashcards
Radium
Radium
Signup and view all the flashcards
Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize
Signup and view all the flashcards
Radioactivity
Radioactivity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Atomic Physics
Atomic Physics
Signup and view all the flashcards
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pitchblende
Pitchblende
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Scientists Who Changed History
- This book details the lives and discoveries of influential scientists.
- The book features notable figures from various scientific disciplines with key contributions to their respective fields.
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- Nobel Prize-winning neuroscientist.
- Showed Golgi's tissue-staining method could be used for further research on the nervous system.
- Modified Golgi's stain in 1888 to illuminate human brain tissue.
- Discredited existing theory that nerve cells formed a continuous web.
- Published a major book on the structure of the nervous system in 1899.
- Jointly won the Nobel Prize in 1906 for his work on the nervous system's structure.
- Performed extensive drawings of nervous tissue.
Max Planck
- German physicist.
- Refuted the ideas of continuous energy emission in 1900 by proposing that energy is emitted in fixed “quanta.”
- His work fundamentally altered to the way scientists interpreted the subatomic world.
- Developed a theory of radiation using “quanta,” which is the basis of quantum theory, which was later used to calculate the value of Planck's constant.
- His work was fundamental to the development of 20th-century science.
Nettie Stevens
- Early-20th-century US biologist.
- Pioneering discovery that animal sex is determined by particular chromosomes.
- Determined that males possess X and Y chromosomes while females have two X chromosomes.
- Her work in genetics was not widely recognized until after death.
George Washington Carver
- African American agricultural scientist and experimenter.
- Innovative scientific methods of soil improvement and crop cultivation.
- Developed commercially viable products from crops other than cotton to restore the southern US economy in the 1900s.
- Invented over 287 products from peanuts and 118 from sweet potatoes.
- Spoke at the US House of Representatives.
- Received multiple outstanding achievement awards.
Thomas Hunt Morgan
- Scientist recognized for his work in heredity,
- Used fruit flies in his research to confirm traits are linked to chromosomes.
- His research on heredity helped establish the modern theories of genetics.
- Received Nobel Prize in 1933.
Marie Curie
- A passionate, dedicated, and pioneering scientist.
- Discoverer of two radioactive elements: polonium and radium.
- Pioneer of radiotherapy (cancer treatment).
- Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry.
- Conducted valuable research, with her husband, into the analysis of uranium ore (pitchblende).
Ernest Rutherford
- Discovered radioactivity-two types: alpha and beta
- Developed the Rutherford model of the atom; proposed that an atom has a tiny positively charged nucleus, orbited by negatively charged electrons.
- His work transformed understanding of atomic structure, and led to the discovery of the proton, and the first transmutation of elements.
- Received Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.
Antonio Egas Moniz
- Portuguese neurologist, pioneered brain imaging and psychosurgery (lobotomy).
- Developed the angiogram-used to check blood vessels, and identified blocked arteries, which aided treatment of brain tumors with better accuracy
- His technique used for certain mental diseases (depression, anxiety, etc.) for treatment. However, only a third of patients benefited from it and others experienced severe harm.
- Won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for the invention of frontal lobotomy.
Lise Meitner
- Austrian theoretical nuclear physicist.
- Coined the term “nuclear fission"—splitting process in atomic nuclei
- Explained the science behind the splitting of uranium atoms.
- Had her theories dismissed or overlooked.
- Co-authored the paper on nuclear fission with Otto Hahn and Otto Frisch in 1939.
Albert Einstein
- Developed the theories of special and general relativity.
- His theories fundamentally changed the understanding of space and time, and their relationship to gravity.
- Utilized "thought experiments" to formulate ideas.
- Received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
Satyendra Nath Bose
- Indian physicist.
- His work on the behavior of light particles (photons) led to the prediction of a fifth state of matter, the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)."
- His collaboration with Einstein helped in the development of quantum theory.
Henry Stommel
- US oceanographer.
- Explained the powerful forces driving ocean currents, including the Gulf Stream.
- Developed new theory explaining dynamics of large-scale ocean circulation.
- Received the US National Medal of Science in 1989.
Tu Youyou
- Chinese pharmacologist and significant contribution to medicine for the discovery of traditional medicine-derived antimalarial drug.
- Conducted experiments and trials to find a successful antimalarial.
- Her team's work proved important to save lives of millions as a result.
- Awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.
Rosalind Franklin
- British Chemist.
- Her X-ray photographs helped confirm the double-helix structure of DNA in 1953.
- She made significant studies of viral structures, including important contributions on the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus.
Maurice Wilkins
- British X-ray crystallographer.
- Contributed essential information about DNA to Watson and Crick.
Tim Berners-Lee
- Invented the World Wide Web.
- Developed HTML and HTTP standards to make information on the Internet accessible to everyone.
- His work allowed everyday access to documents and information on the internet.
- A major player in the worldwide development of the internet.
John Sulston
- English biologist.
- Worked on researching how cells programmed themselves to die. His work is now well recognized as a foundational study.
- Received Nobel Prize in 2002.
Richard Feynman
- An exceptional physicist known for his theories in quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) and his ability to explain complex concepts in engaging ways.
- His work marked the beginning of a new era for physics.
- Awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 for his work on QED.
Walter Gilbert
- American biochemist and pioneer in DNA-sequencing techniques.
- Forwarded the field of genetics in many other ways.
- Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980.
James Watson
- American geneticist.
- Discovered the double helix structure of DNA with Francis Crick.
- His work established a new era for biological research and is fundamental in medicine, gene therapy, and genetic manipulation.
Francis Crick
- British biophysicist renowned for his contribution to molecular biology.
- Discovered the three-dimensional structure of DNA with James Watson in 1953.
- His work was significant in understanding how genetic information is carried from DNA to proteins as the genetic code.
Ernest McCulloch
- Canadian hematologist.
- Discovered how T-cells recognize antigens and how to treat blood-related cancers.
- Along with James Till, made breakthrough findings on how T-cells work together to defend people from illness and to treat illnesses efficiently.
James Till
- Canadian physicist.
- Along with Ernest McCulloch, discovered how T cells work to recognize antigens.
- Made breakthroughs in finding out how T- and B-cells worked together to fight illness and to treat diseases efficiently.
Shinya Yamanaka
- Japanese scientist who generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (from adult cells).
- His work revealed that certain cells are pluripotent not only at the embryonic, but also at the adult stage in humans.
- Awarded the Nobel Prize.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
- Irish-born astronomer known for discovering pulsars.
- Her research expanded our understanding of neutron stars, enabling the development of new areas of astrophysics.
Katherine Johnson
- An American mathematician who played a pivotal role in calculating trajectory data for several space missions including some of the first American spaceflights and the Apollo 11 mission.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the life and discoveries of Albert Einstein and his contemporaries. This quiz covers important events, publications, and contributions in physics during the early 20th century. Challenge yourself with questions about significant achievements and associated scientists.
