AKD 20803 Basic Instrument Quiz

AKD 20803 Basic Instrument

• The course covers various basic instruments used in aircraft, including pressure measuring devices, temperature measuring instruments, engine speed measuring instruments, and more.
• This includes mechanical movement measurement, synchronous data transmission systems, gyroscopic instruments, compasses, instrument pneumatic systems, pitot-static systems, fuel quantity indicating systems, fuel monitoring systems, auxiliary instruments, and maintenance practices.

Instruments

• An instrument is a device used for measuring, recording, or controlling, especially one functioning as part of a control system.
• Aircraft instruments are often referred to as gauges, indicators, or tools.
• Instruments communicate information to the pilot, displaying the value/quantity or situation/position of a system.
• Instruments should be positioned for easy viewing by flight crew members.
• Adequate lighting is essential for nighttime flying, ensuring it doesn't hinder the pilot's vision.

Instruments - Categorization

• Instruments can be categorized based on how they function or the type of information they provide.

Categories According to Presentation

• Flight and Navigational Instruments: Provide information about speed, altitude, attitude, heading, and rate of climb. Examples include airspeed indicators, compasses, altimeters, artificial horizons, and vertical speed indicators.
• Engine Instruments: Provide information on engine operation and power plant systems. Examples include engine speed, EPR (engine pressure ratio), manifold pressure, and EGT (engine exhaust gas temperature).
• Systems Instruments: Offer information on aircraft systems like hydraulics, electrics, and pressurization. Examples include voltmeters, suction gauges, vibration indicators, and torquemeters.

Categories According to Means of Operation

• Pressure Instruments: Measure air, fuel, and oil pressure.
• Mechanical Instruments: Employ mechanical systems to gather and transmit information.
• Gyro Instruments: Use gyroscopic principles to primarily display aircraft attitude and heading.
• Electrical and Electronic Instruments: Utilize wires, fiber optics, and digital technology to sense and transmit information for display and warnings.

Panels and Layout

• Instrument panels allow for mounting and installing aircraft instruments.
• A basic 6-panel layout includes airspeed indicator, attitude indicator, vertical speed indicator, altimeter, heading indicator, and turn and bank indicator.
• The "T" panel configuration includes an airspeed indicator, attitude indicator, altimeter, and heading indicator arranged in a "T" shape.
• Other possible configurations include radial and linear layouts.

Instrument Panel (P1, P2, P3)

• P1: Aircraft captain's panel, featuring flight and navigational instruments.
• P2: Combined panel for the captain and first officer, housing engine instruments.
• P3: Panel for the first officer, incorporating flight and navigation instruments.

Electronic/Glass Cockpit Panel

• Composed of interchangeable integrated display units (CRT), enabling various displays.
• EADI: Displays the primary flight display (PFD).
• EHSI: Displays the navigational display (ND).
• EICAS: Displays primary and secondary engine parameters and system warnings.

Glass Cockpit

• A cockpit design utilizing digital displays rather than traditional gauges.
• Examples include panels with EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrument System) components like PFD (Primary Flight Display) and ND (Navigation Display).

Atmosphere and Related Concepts

• Atmosphere: A mixture of gases surrounding Earth. Nitrogen comprises roughly 78%, oxygen approximately 20%, and other gases (carbon dioxide, argon, neon, helium, xenon, water vapor) make up the remainder.
• Atmospheric Pressure: The force exerted by the atmosphere per unit area, measured in PSI or bar. Pressure decreases with increasing altitude.
• Absolute Pressure: Pressure measured relative to a perfect vacuum.
• Gauge Pressure: Pressure measured relative to ambient atmospheric pressure.
• Pitot Pressure (Dynamic Pressure): Pressure resulting from the aircraft's forward motion through the air, measured by pitot tubes. A gauge of airspeed.
• Static Pressure: Pressure of the atmosphere at rest, sensed by static vents (or static ports). Provides a reference for barometric pressure.
• Differential Pressure: Difference between two pressures, crucial in many measurement applications.
• Lapse rate: Rate at which atmospheric pressure and temperature change with altitude.

Test your knowledge on the various basic instruments used in aircraft. This quiz covers topics such as pressure measuring devices, temperature measuring instruments, and other essential instruments essential for pilots. Prepare for questions regarding their functions, maintenance practices, and proper use in aviation.