Aircraft Landing Distance and Go-Around Procedures
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum requirement for go-around speed in relation to VS1g?

  • 1.41 VS1g (correct)
  • 1.50 VS1g
  • 1.23 VS1g (correct)
  • 1.15 VS1g

    • During a contaminated approach, how is the required landing distance for automatic landing calculated?

  • Actual landing distance + 10 kt
  • Actual landing distance x 1.1
  • Actual landing distance x 1.15 (correct)
  • Actual landing distance + 15%

    • What is the minimum required climb gradient during normal approach for twin-engine aircraft?

  • 1.5%
  • 2.1% (correct)
  • 2.7%
  • 3.0%

    • What can pilots select during a go-around calculation to ensure no limitations are imposed?

    <p>CONF 2 and 1.4 VS1g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required landing performance speed at 50 feet above the airport in a contaminated landing situation?

    <p>$1.23 VS1g$ ext{ to } 1.23 VS1g + 10 kt$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of contaminated runways, which method can the manufacturer provide for landing?

    <p>Detailed instructions such as antiskid and reverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components make up the airborne phase distance (Da) in the calculation of ALD?

    <p>Distance from runway threshold to glideslope origin plus the mean touchdown point distance plus three times the standard deviation of the mean distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required climb gradient for a four-engine aircraft during a normal approach?

    <p>2.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the ground phase distance (Dg) defined for an automatic landing?

    <p>Depends on the touchdown speed plus three times the standard deviation of VTD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the minimum requirements for go-around performance during approach?

    <p>Maintain a specific climb gradient assuming one engine is inoperative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum weight limited during go-around based on go-around gradient?

    <p>Weight determined by approach climb gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which configurations are typically considered for approach in Airbus fly-by-wire aircraft during a go-around?

    <p>Configuration 2 and 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary condition for the climb performance evaluation during go-around?

    <p>Approach configuration is used instead of landing configuration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What speed range is established for approach climb performance during a go-around?

    <p>1.23 VS1g to 1.41 VS1g assuming V exceeds VMCL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the calculation of the airborne phase distance, how is the mean touchdown point distance represented?

    <p>As part of statistical results from simulated automatic landings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'σd2' refer to in the context of airborne phase calculations?

    <p>Standard deviation of the airborne phase distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily affects the landing distance during a runway approach?

    <p>Pressure altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios would decrease the air climb gradients during a go-around?

    <p>Increase in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of an upward runway slope, how does it affect landing distance?

    <p>Decreases the landing distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum gradient requirement for landing climbs?

    <p>3.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What configuration allows for TOGA thrust during a go-around?

    <p>Landing configuration with gear extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does pressure altitude affect TOGA thrust during a go-around?

    <p>Decreases TOGA thrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What speed range is defined for approach during landing, relative to VS1g?

    <p>$1.13 VS1g ext{ to } 1.23 VS1g$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically published in the FCOM regarding landing climb performance?

    <p>Maximum weight limited by approach climb gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Contaminated Runway Landing Distance (RLD)

    • RLD for a contaminated runway is the greater of 1.15 x ALD contaminated or RLD wet
    • The manufacturer must provide landing performance for a contaminated runway at 50 feet above the airport
    • The landing speed (V) range is between 1.23 VS1g and 1.23 VS1g + 10 knots
    • The manufacturer can provide instructions for contaminated runways, such as antiskid, reverse, airbrakes or spoilers
    • In the most critical cases, landing can be prohibited

    Automatic Landing Distance (ALD)

    • The required landing distance for automatic landing is 1.15 times the actual landing distance in automatic landing.
    • This distance must be greater than the required landing distance in manual mode.
    • RLD automatic is the greatest of 1.15 x ALD automatic or RLD manual

    Go-Around Requirements

    • The required climb gradient needs to be checked during dispatch,
    • The minimum required gradient is the one defined during aircraft certification
    • Operators can choose a go-around speed (from 1.23 VS1g to 1.41 VS1g) and a configuration (3 or 2) to determine the maximum weight limited by the go-around gradient.
    • In the rare case of a go-around limitation, operators can select CONF 2 and 1.4 VS1g
    • The required climb gradient is 2.1% for twin-engine aircraft and 2.7% for four-engine aircraft.
    • Operators can use the gradient published in the airport approach chart

    Automatic Landing Distance (ALD)

    • ALD for automatic landing is defined as Da + Dg
    • Da is the airborne phase distance
    • Dg is the ground phase distance

    Airborne Phase (Da)

    • Airborne phase is the distance from the runway threshold up to the glideslope origin (d1), plus the distance from the glideslope origin up to the mean touchdown point (d2), plus three times the standard deviation of d2 (σd2).

    Ground Phase (Dg)

    • Dg for an automatic landing is established as with a manual landing, assuming a touchdown speed equal to the mean touchdown speed (VTD) plus three times the standard deviation of this speed (σVTD).

    Go-Around Performance Requirements

    • A minimum climb gradient must be observed in the event of a go-around.
    • The minimum air climb gradients depend on the aircraft type.

    Approach Climb

    • Approach climb is the aircraft's climb capability assuming that one engine is inoperative.
    • Go-Around performance is based on approach configuration, rather than landing configuration.

    Aircraft Configuration for Approach Climb

    • One engine inoperative
    • TOGA thrust
    • Gear retracted
    • Slats and flaps in approach configuration (CONF 2 or 3 in most cases)
    • 1.23 VS1g ≤ V ≤ 1.41 VS1g and check that V ≥ VMCL

    N Engines Configuration for Approach Climb

    • TOGA thrust
    • Gear extended
    • Landing configuration
    • 1.13 VS1g ≤ V ≤ 1.23 VS1g and check that V ≥ VMCL
    • Minimum gradient: 3.2%

    External Parameters Influence

    • Pressure altitude impacts landing distance and go-around air climb gradients.
    • Temperature affects go-around air climb gradients.
    • Runway slope influences landing distance.

    Pressure Altitude

    • Approach speed is equal to 1.23 VS1g.
    • True airspeed (TAS) increases with pressure altitude.
    • Landing distance increases with pressure altitude.
    • TOGA thrust decreases with pressure altitude.
    • Lower thrust during go-around leads to lower air climb gradients.

    Temperature

    • Engine thrust decreases when the temperature passes the reference temperature.
    • This impacts go-around air climb gradients.

    Runway Slope

    • Upward slope improves stopping capability and decreases landing distance.
    • Downward slope increases landing distance.

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    AC Perfomance Landing Performance PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers critical concepts related to contaminated runway landing distances, automatic landing distance calculations, and go-around requirements for aircraft. It explores the factors influencing landing performance and regulatory requirements that must be adhered to for safe operations. Test your understanding of these essential aviation safety protocols.

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