Aircraft Instruments Overview

<p>Compass readings will lag the actual heading during a left turn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency of the compass needle to point down towards the magnetic pole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicated airspeed corrected for installation and instrument errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow static pressure to enter the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V<del>SO</del></p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Never exceed speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By comparing ram air with static air pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicated airspeed (IAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rate of climb or descent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximum speed for landing gear extended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximum speed for abrupt control without structural damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reading the altitude directly from the altimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rate of climb or descent in feet per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigidity in space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The altimeter reads low in climb and high in descent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actual attitude of the aircraft relative to the earth's horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reads high in climb and low in descent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Turn Coordinator indicates the rate and quality of turn and serves as an emergency bank indicator if the Attitude Indicator fails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Heading Indicator senses the airplane's movement and displays its heading based on a 360-degree azimuth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Skid' means the rate of turn is too high for the angle of bank, while 'Slip' indicates the rate of turn is too slow for the angle of bank.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Magnetic Compass is the only direction-seeking instrument in the airplane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Heading Indicator should be aligned with the magnetic compass every 15 minutes due to precession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maneuvering speed (V<del>A</del>) is the maximum speed at which abrupt control movements can be made without causing structural damage to the aircraft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An altimeter measures altitude by sensing pressure changes through aneroid wafers that expand and contract, converting these changes into pointer movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Density altitude is used to assess airplane performance after correcting for non-standard temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the static port is blocked, the altimeter freezes at its last indicated altitude and the VSI reads zero, thus providing incorrect altitude and rate of climb/descent information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigidity in space allows gyroscopic instruments to maintain a fixed position in their plane of rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precession causes a gyroscope to react at a 90-degree angle to an applied force, which can affect the accuracy of readings in instruments like the attitude indicator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When set to 29.92 inHg, the altimeter shows pressure altitude, which indicates altitude relative to a standard atmospheric pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A suction gauge monitors the available vacuum pressure in the system, ensuring that enough vacuum is present to operate the gyroscopic instruments effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Pitot tube supplies ram air pressure, measuring the dynamic pressure of the air for the airspeed indicator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicated Airspeed (IAS) is the actual reading displayed, while True Airspeed (TAS) is IAS corrected for non-standard pressure and temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four types are Indicated Airspeed (IAS), Calibrated Airspeed (CAS), True Airspeed (TAS), and Groundspeed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The colored arcs represent various speed ranges essential for safe flight operations: green for normal, white for flaps, yellow for caution, and red for never exceed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V<del>SO</del> is the stalling speed or minimum flight speed in the landing configuration with flaps and gear down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The static port allows static pressure to enter the system, which is critical for altitude measurements and determining airspeed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V<del>FE</del> indicates the maximum speed with flaps extended, which is essential for safe operation during landing and takeoff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the pitot tube is blocked, the ASI will indicate a false reading, typically showing a decrease in airspeed as the aircraft climbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnetic dip causes the compass needle to point downward towards the magnetic pole, leading to increased error at the poles and zero error at the magnetic equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'UNOS' stands for undershoot north, overshoot south, indicating that during turns from a north or south heading, the compass will lead or lag the actual heading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the northern hemisphere, acceleration causes the compass to indicate a turn to the north, while deceleration indicates a turn to the south, particularly when flying east or west.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compass card oscillation can be caused by turbulence or rough control techniques, resulting in erratic compass readings that complicate navigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deviation errors occur due to the influence of other magnetic fields in the airplane, causing a difference between the indicated magnetic heading and the actual heading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Turn Coordinator helps pilots establish and maintain constant rate turns by indicating the rate and quality of the turn using a miniature airplane and an inclinometer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Heading Indicator provides the primary source of heading information by sensing airplane movement and displaying it in a 360-degree azimuth format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Skid' indicates excessive rudder pressure with a rate of turn too great for the bank angle, while 'Slip' signifies insufficient rudder pressure with a rate of turn too slow for the bank angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The magnetic compass is the only direction-seeking instrument, used to set the Heading Indicator and verify its accuracy during flight when flying straight and level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pilots must align the Heading Indicator with the magnetic compass every 15 minutes to correct for precession, which can cause inaccurate heading information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnetic dip causes the compass needle to point down towards the magnetic pole, resulting in inaccuracies. This effect is most pronounced at the poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the northern hemisphere, acceleration causes the compass to indicate a turn to the north, while deceleration indicates a turn to the south.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'UNOS' stands for 'undershoot north, overshoot south,' indicating how the compass can lag or lead during turns, particularly when turning from north or south headings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compass card oscillation occurs due to turbulence or rough control techniques, leading to erratic movements that can mislead the pilot's directional readings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deviation is the difference between the indicated magnetic heading and the actual heading caused by other magnetic fields in the airplane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicated altitude is the altitude read directly from the altimeter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the static port is blocked, the altitude indicator freezes, and the vertical speed indicator reads zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precession is the tilting or turning of a gyro in response to applied force, acting 90 degrees in the direction of rotation from where the force was applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absolute altitude refers to the actual height of an aircraft above the earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maneuvering speed (V<del>A</del>) is the maximum speed at which abrupt control movements can be applied without causing structural damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aneroid wafers expand and contract with pressure changes, translating these movements into altitude readings on the altimeter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The VSI displays the aircraft's rate of climb or descent in feet per minute, but its readings can be delayed by 6-9 seconds in turbulence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The suction gauge monitors the available vacuum pressure, ensuring the system has enough suction to spin the gyros.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IAS is the actual airspeed reading from the airspeed indicator, while TAS is IAS corrected for non-standard pressure and temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pitot tube measures ram air pressure, which is essential for determining airspeed by comparing it with static pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The airspeed indicator compares ram air pressure from the pitot tube with static pressure to determine the aircraft's speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The colored arcs indicate different speed ranges: green for normal operating range, white for flap-operating range, yellow for caution, and red for never exceed speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V<del>NO</del> is the maximum structural cruising speed; flying above this speed could potentially exceed structural limits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CAS is the IAS corrected for installation and instrument errors, providing a more accurate representation of airspeed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Icing can block the pitot tube, leading to inaccurate airspeed readings; pilots use a pitot heater to prevent this issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V<del>SO</del> is the stalling speed in the landing configuration (flaps and gear down); knowing this speed helps prevent stalling during approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers