Aircraft Icing Factors and Severity
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Questions and Answers

What meteorological quantity is extremely important for determining icing potential?

  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Temperature
  • Droplet size
  • Cloud liquid water content (correct)

At what temperature range does most icing take place due to the need for ice nuclei?

  • -20° to 0° C (correct)
  • 0° to 20° C
  • 20° to 40° C
  • -40° to -60° C

What droplet size has a significant influence on icing conditions?

  • Less than 20 microns
  • 50 microns
  • 60 microns
  • 40 microns (correct)

Why is it difficult to quantify liquid water content in clouds?

<p>It is always below freezing temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical limit to icing regarding temperature?

<p>-40° C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason that small droplets tend to be swept around the airframe?

<p>They have little mass and momentum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which altitude range do 50% of icing cases typically occur?

<p>5000 feet to 13,000 feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes rime ice to have a milky, opaque appearance?

<p>Instantaneous freezing with air trapping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions is clear ice most likely to form?

<p>High water content and large droplet size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the removal of clear ice considered difficult?

<p>The ice particles are embedded in it, creating a rough accumulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of icing results from encountering both rime and clear icing along a flight path?

<p>Mixed Icing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature range is associated with clear icing based on Table 2.10?

<p>-10ºC to 0ºC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which altitude range is considered optimal for encountering icing conditions?

<p>-5000 feet to 13,000 feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is rime ice considered lightweight and brittle?

<p>It quickly traps air during freezing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes clear ice particularly hazardous compared to other types of icing?

<p>It is very heavy and hard to remove. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of supercooled large droplet (SLD) ice?

<p>Large droplets forming a lumpy texture disrupting airflow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of precipitation is most often associated with the warm layer process during the cold season?

<p>Freezing rain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of clouds mostly contain ice crystals and produce little icing?

<p>Cirrostratus clouds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum depth of continuous icing conditions in stratiform cloud layers?

<p>6000 feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do clouds typically contribute to the collision-coalescence process of droplet growth?

<p>By having a wide distribution of drop sizes resulting in different fall speeds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between SLD formation through the warm layer process and collision-coalescence?

<p>The presence of an ice phase is required only in the warm layer process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment often results in favorable conditions for supercooled large droplet (SLD) formation through warm intrusions aloft?

<p>Stable air masses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of clouds are often observed to have both rime and mixed icing formations?

<p>Stratiform clouds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is flying between layers of multiple stratus clouds usually impossible?

<p>When layers are densely packed with no gaps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination of factors is likely to produce a high probability of icing?

<p>Upward vertical motion, adequate moisture, CAA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What products are used to Identify CAA using radar?

<p>Base velocity and VAD Wind Profile (VWP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which product can assist in identifying CAA by showing winds backing with height?

<p>VAD Wind Profile (VWP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rule of thumb suggests forecasting rime icing based on temperature?

<p>$-15°C &lt; \text{Temperature at flight level}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can vertical cross sections be helpful in evaluating icing potential?

<p>By showing temperature and dew point depressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of icing is likely when temperatures at flight level are between 0°C and -8°C in cumuliform clouds?

<p>Clear icing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which regions is the possibility of icing increased according to the text?

<p>Along frontal cloud shields and near low-pressure centers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a S-shaped pattern in the zero isotach indicate according to the text?

<p>$CAA$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key atmospheric phenomena combined in the quick-reference icing flowchart according to the text?

<p>$Radar reflectivity and velocity products$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the most severe icing occur in cumulus clouds?

<p>In the upper half of the cloud (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of clouds is icing more variable due to factors depending on cloud's development stage?

<p>Cumulus clouds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of icing rarely occurs in cirrus clouds?

<p>Moderate icing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does light rime icing occur in warm frontal systems?

<p>300 miles ahead of the warm frontal surface position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of clouds is clear icing more prevalent than rime icing associated with cold fronts?

<p>Stratocumulus clouds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is moderate icing most likely to occur in cold frontal systems?

<p>Directly above the frontal zone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the likelihood and severity of icing in clouds over mountainous regions?

<p>Upward vertical motion on windward side of mountain ranges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of icing conditions in stratiform clouds of a widespread, slow-moving cold frontal cloud shield?

<p>Similar to cirrus cloud conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does freezing drizzle and rain most often occur with frontal systems?

<p>With both warm fronts and shallow cold fronts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of frontal system is associated with sporadic or continuous icing depending on stability?

<p>Warm fronts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cloud types are associated with moderate rime icing according to the text?

<p>CB, CU, ST (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what atmospheric condition is light frost likely to sublimate on aircraft?

<p>When cirrus, cirrocumulus, or cirrostratus clouds are present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What weather condition would likely result in light rime icing according to the text?

<p>Altocumulus clouds with a dew-point depression greater than 0°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate when the temperature curve lies to the left of the –8D curve in a subfreezing layer?

<p>The layer is supersaturated with respect to ice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is light frost likely to form through direct sublimation of water vapor?

<p>In cloudless regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conditions lead to light rime icing according to the text?

<p>Dew-point depression greater than 0°C and temperature curve lies to the right of the –8D curve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of determining the height of the -22°C isotherm in aviation weather forecasting?

<p>To assess the potential for icing conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In aviation weather forecasting, what does a ring of enhanced reflectivity (30 to 45 dBZ) around the Radar Data Acquisition Unit signify?

<p>Formation of the bright band (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vertical profile where the -8D curve is to the right of the temperature curve on a Skew-T diagram?

<p>Icing conditions are likely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does visible imagery assist in identifying icing potential during daytime hours?

<p>By showing brighter clouds with higher thickness and water content (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do noisy differential reflectivity (ZDR) values and low correlation coefficient (CC) values on dual-polarization base data indicate in aviation weather forecasting?

<p>Identification of the melting layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of a weak signature in the specific differential phase (KDP) product suggest in aviation weather analysis?

<p>Potential freezing level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is determining the height of the freezing level important in aviation weather forecasting?

<p>To assess areas where icing conditions might occur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of icing below the melting layer signify in aviation weather forecasting?

<p>Primary precipitation type being rain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do embedded lighter gray shades on visible imagery relate to icing conditions?

<p>Correlate with heavier icing due to large cloud droplet sizes or thicker clouds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In aviation weather forecasting, what does a ring of noisy differential reflectivity (ZDR) values and low correlation coefficient (CC) values indicate?

<p>Location of the melting layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of induction icing on an aircraft's engine?

<p>Power loss due to blocking of air intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what conditions can carburetor icing occur?

<p>Low temperatures and high relative humidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of carburetor icing?

<p>Reduced engine performance or total engine failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ice in the carburetor affect the engine?

<p>Partially or totally blocks air/fuel mixture flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does carburetor icing form?

<p>In cold and moist conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What atmospheric conditions favor carburetor icing?

<p>-7C (20F) and above with high humidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if ice forms on air intake ducts of an aircraft?

<p>Decreased air intake due to ice blockage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of ice breaking free from intake surfaces?

<p>'Foreign Object Damage' to internal engine components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does carburetor icing impact engine performance?

<p>'Total' blocking of the air/fuel mixture flow into the engine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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