Aircraft Icing Factors and Severity
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Questions and Answers

What meteorological quantity is extremely important for determining icing potential?

  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Temperature
  • Droplet size
  • Cloud liquid water content (correct)

    • At what temperature range does most icing take place due to the need for ice nuclei?

  • -20° to 0° C (correct)
  • 0° to 20° C
  • 20° to 40° C
  • -40° to -60° C

    • What droplet size has a significant influence on icing conditions?

  • Less than 20 microns
  • 50 microns
  • 60 microns
  • 40 microns (correct)

    • Why is it difficult to quantify liquid water content in clouds?

    <p>It is always below freezing temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical limit to icing regarding temperature?

    <p>-40° C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that small droplets tend to be swept around the airframe?

    <p>They have little mass and momentum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which altitude range do 50% of icing cases typically occur?

    <p>5000 feet to 13,000 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes rime ice to have a milky, opaque appearance?

    <p>Instantaneous freezing with air trapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions is clear ice most likely to form?

    <p>High water content and large droplet size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the removal of clear ice considered difficult?

    <p>The ice particles are embedded in it, creating a rough accumulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of icing results from encountering both rime and clear icing along a flight path?

    <p>Mixed Icing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range is associated with clear icing based on Table 2.10?

    <p>-10ºC to 0ºC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which altitude range is considered optimal for encountering icing conditions?

    <p>-5000 feet to 13,000 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is rime ice considered lightweight and brittle?

    <p>It quickly traps air during freezing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes clear ice particularly hazardous compared to other types of icing?

    <p>It is very heavy and hard to remove.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of supercooled large droplet (SLD) ice?

    <p>Large droplets forming a lumpy texture disrupting airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of precipitation is most often associated with the warm layer process during the cold season?

    <p>Freezing rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of clouds mostly contain ice crystals and produce little icing?

    <p>Cirrostratus clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum depth of continuous icing conditions in stratiform cloud layers?

    <p>6000 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do clouds typically contribute to the collision-coalescence process of droplet growth?

    <p>By having a wide distribution of drop sizes resulting in different fall speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between SLD formation through the warm layer process and collision-coalescence?

    <p>The presence of an ice phase is required only in the warm layer process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment often results in favorable conditions for supercooled large droplet (SLD) formation through warm intrusions aloft?

    <p>Stable air masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of clouds are often observed to have both rime and mixed icing formations?

    <p>Stratiform clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation is flying between layers of multiple stratus clouds usually impossible?

    <p>When layers are densely packed with no gaps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination of factors is likely to produce a high probability of icing?

    <p>Upward vertical motion, adequate moisture, CAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What products are used to Identify CAA using radar?

    <p>Base velocity and VAD Wind Profile (VWP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product can assist in identifying CAA by showing winds backing with height?

    <p>VAD Wind Profile (VWP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rule of thumb suggests forecasting rime icing based on temperature?

    <p>$-15°C &lt; \text{Temperature at flight level}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can vertical cross sections be helpful in evaluating icing potential?

    <p>By showing temperature and dew point depressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of icing is likely when temperatures at flight level are between 0°C and -8°C in cumuliform clouds?

    <p>Clear icing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which regions is the possibility of icing increased according to the text?

    <p>Along frontal cloud shields and near low-pressure centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a S-shaped pattern in the zero isotach indicate according to the text?

    <p>$CAA$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key atmospheric phenomena combined in the quick-reference icing flowchart according to the text?

    <p>$Radar reflectivity and velocity products$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the most severe icing occur in cumulus clouds?

    <p>In the upper half of the cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of clouds is icing more variable due to factors depending on cloud's development stage?

    <p>Cumulus clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of icing rarely occurs in cirrus clouds?

    <p>Moderate icing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does light rime icing occur in warm frontal systems?

    <p>300 miles ahead of the warm frontal surface position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of clouds is clear icing more prevalent than rime icing associated with cold fronts?

    <p>Stratocumulus clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is moderate icing most likely to occur in cold frontal systems?

    <p>Directly above the frontal zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the likelihood and severity of icing in clouds over mountainous regions?

    <p>Upward vertical motion on windward side of mountain ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of icing conditions in stratiform clouds of a widespread, slow-moving cold frontal cloud shield?

    <p>Similar to cirrus cloud conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does freezing drizzle and rain most often occur with frontal systems?

    <p>With both warm fronts and shallow cold fronts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of frontal system is associated with sporadic or continuous icing depending on stability?

    <p>Warm fronts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cloud types are associated with moderate rime icing according to the text?

    <p>CB, CU, ST</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what atmospheric condition is light frost likely to sublimate on aircraft?

    <p>When cirrus, cirrocumulus, or cirrostratus clouds are present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What weather condition would likely result in light rime icing according to the text?

    <p>Altocumulus clouds with a dew-point depression greater than 0°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it indicate when the temperature curve lies to the left of the –8D curve in a subfreezing layer?

    <p>The layer is supersaturated with respect to ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is light frost likely to form through direct sublimation of water vapor?

    <p>In cloudless regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conditions lead to light rime icing according to the text?

    <p>Dew-point depression greater than 0°C and temperature curve lies to the right of the –8D curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of determining the height of the -22°C isotherm in aviation weather forecasting?

    <p>To assess the potential for icing conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aviation weather forecasting, what does a ring of enhanced reflectivity (30 to 45 dBZ) around the Radar Data Acquisition Unit signify?

    <p>Formation of the bright band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the vertical profile where the -8D curve is to the right of the temperature curve on a Skew-T diagram?

    <p>Icing conditions are likely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does visible imagery assist in identifying icing potential during daytime hours?

    <p>By showing brighter clouds with higher thickness and water content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do noisy differential reflectivity (ZDR) values and low correlation coefficient (CC) values on dual-polarization base data indicate in aviation weather forecasting?

    <p>Identification of the melting layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of a weak signature in the specific differential phase (KDP) product suggest in aviation weather analysis?

    <p>Potential freezing level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is determining the height of the freezing level important in aviation weather forecasting?

    <p>To assess areas where icing conditions might occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of icing below the melting layer signify in aviation weather forecasting?

    <p>Primary precipitation type being rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do embedded lighter gray shades on visible imagery relate to icing conditions?

    <p>Correlate with heavier icing due to large cloud droplet sizes or thicker clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aviation weather forecasting, what does a ring of noisy differential reflectivity (ZDR) values and low correlation coefficient (CC) values indicate?

    <p>Location of the melting layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of induction icing on an aircraft's engine?

    <p>Power loss due to blocking of air intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what conditions can carburetor icing occur?

    <p>Low temperatures and high relative humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of carburetor icing?

    <p>Reduced engine performance or total engine failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ice in the carburetor affect the engine?

    <p>Partially or totally blocks air/fuel mixture flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does carburetor icing form?

    <p>In cold and moist conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What atmospheric conditions favor carburetor icing?

    <p>-7C (20F) and above with high humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if ice forms on air intake ducts of an aircraft?

    <p>Decreased air intake due to ice blockage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of ice breaking free from intake surfaces?

    <p>'Foreign Object Damage' to internal engine components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carburetor icing impact engine performance?

    <p>'Total' blocking of the air/fuel mixture flow into the engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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