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Questions and Answers
What is responsible for ensuring the same fuel input to each cylinder in a diesel engine?
Which component allows air to enter when fuel passes through the calibrated jet orifice in a diesel engine?
What is the preferred method of fuel delivery to cylinders in diesel engines?
What high-pressure does the single pump in common rail systems deliver fuel at?
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In electronic/computer-controlled systems like FADEC, what activates each injector valve based on demand?
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What is NOT a disadvantage of common rail injection compared to traditional distributor injection pumps?
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How does the fuel reach the engine-mounted delivery system in light aircraft?
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'Common Rail' systems distribute high-pressure fuel to what component in diesel engines?
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'Piezoelectric actuators' are used to activate what in modern diesel engines?
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'Water traps' are part of which component in the traditional aircraft fuel supply system?
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Study Notes
Fuel Injection Systems
- Impact icing occurs when ice forms on the exterior of the aircraft and blocks openings, such as the air intake for the injection system.
- Advantages of using fuel injection include:
- Reduction in evaporative icing
- Better fuel flow
- Faster throttle response
- Precise control of mixture
- Better fuel distribution
- Easier cold weather starts
- Disadvantages of using fuel injection include:
- Difficulty in starting a hot engine
- Vapor locks during ground operations on hot days
- Problems associated with restarting an engine that quits due to fuel starvation
Indirect Fuel Injection
- Key components include:
- Fuel pump
- Fuel/air control unit
- Fuel manifold valve
- Discharge nozzles for each cylinder
- Throttle valve regulates airflow
- Fuel pressure gauge allows for mixture adjustments
- Indirect fuel injection is commonly used in aircraft piston engines, typically of the low-pressure, continuous-flow type.
- Fuel is continuously sprayed into the induction pipe near the inlet valve.
- Advantages of this method include:
- Low operating pressure
- Even fuel distribution
- Freedom from icing issues
System Components
- Fuel pumps deliver more fuel than the engine needs, with a recirculation path available.
- Two pumps are installed in parallel.
- The electrical pump can be used for priming, starting the engine, and in emergencies.
- The throttle valve regulates airflow.
- The fuel pressure gauge allows for mixture adjustments.
Diesel Engines
- Fuel supply system for aircraft storage is similar to traditional aircraft.
- Fuel is primarily stored in wing tanks.
- Fuel delivery to the cylinders can be done in various ways, but the preferred method is called 'common rail'.
- Common rail system maintains high-pressure fuel supply (about 1800 bar or 26,000 psi) near the cylinders.
Electronic/ Common Rail Injection
- Common rail systems replace the traditional distributor injection pump with a single, very high-pressure pump (about 2000 bar or 29,000 psi).
- High-pressure fuel is distributed to computer-controlled injector valves.
- Each injector valve is activated by either a solenoid or piezoelectric actuators.
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Description
Test your knowledge on impact icing and fuel injection systems in aircraft. Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of using fuel injection for better performance and efficiency.
