Aircraft Approach and Landing Procedures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What factors are considered when determining the actual landing distance of an aircraft?

Pilot experience and aircraft load

Standard temperature and landing configuration (correct)

Wind speed and humidity

Runway length and air traffic conditions

Which condition is NOT required to achieve the actual landing distance?

Manual landing configuration

Stabilized approach at VLS or VMCL

In-flight performance assessment (correct)

Acceptable pressures on wheel braking systems

On what type of runway are actual landing distances certified for Airbus aircraft?

Dry runways (correct)

Wet runways

Icy runways only

Contaminated runways

What is the influence of reverse thrust on landing distances on contaminated runways?

It may be considered on contaminated runways Signup and view all the answers

How does temperature affect landing distance demonstration on contaminated runways?

It is taken into account for safety Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum wind component correction factor included in landing distance data?

50% along the landing path opposite to the landing direction Signup and view all the answers

What must be established in the airplane Flight Manual if the required landing distance exceeds the scheduled manual landing distance?

The required landing distance Signup and view all the answers

Which landing distance factor is NOT taken into account when determining the demonstration landing distances on dry runways?

Reverse thrust Signup and view all the answers

What does VAPP represent in the context of landing performance?

Minimum required speed adjusted for wind conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the reference speed VREF used for?

Steady landing approach speed at 50 feet for a specific configuration Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a system failure affecting landing performance, which adjustment should be made to VREF?

VAPP equals VREF plus an increment based on the failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Actual Landing Distance (ALD) in aircraft operations?

To measure distance needed to stop from 50 feet above the runway Signup and view all the answers

What configuration is utilized to determine VREF for an Airbus during landing?

CONFIG FULL Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'calibrated airspeed of VLS' refer to during a manual landing?

Minimum speed for controlled flight Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT explicitly included in the calculation of Actual Landing Distance (ALD)?

Pilot's skill level Signup and view all the answers

The headwind component used in determining VAPP is directly obtained from which source?

Automatic Directional Indicator Reference System (ADIRS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum climb gradient required for a twin-engine aircraft during approach climb with one engine out?

2.1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable stall speed (VS1g) for an approach configuration relative to its landing configuration?

110% of VS1g Signup and view all the answers

Which configuration options are available for Airbus Fly-By-Wire during landing?

CONF 3 and FULL Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum required climb gradient for a four-engine aircraft?

3.2% Signup and view all the answers

During landing climb, what is the range of speed (V) that must be maintained for performance checks?

1.13 VS1g ≤ V ≤ 1.23 VS1g Signup and view all the answers

How long after initiating thrust control must thrust be available for landing configurations?

8 seconds Signup and view all the answers

The go-around performance for aircraft is based on which configuration?

Landing configuration Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gear during landing climb in relation to aircraft performance?

Gear must be extended Signup and view all the answers

How does the runway’s friction coefficient affect landing distance?

Higher friction decreases landing distance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of engine air bleed on the go-around air climb gradient?

Decreases the climb gradient. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increasing flap deflection have on landing distance?

Decreases landing distance. Signup and view all the answers

When might it be beneficial to decrease flap settings during landing?

When landing at a high altitude airport with a long runway. Signup and view all the answers

What is the necessary check before departure regarding the Required Landing Distance (RLD)?

RLD must be at least equal to the LDA. Signup and view all the answers

How can weather conditions affect landing distance?

Contaminants can influence friction and precipitation drag. Signup and view all the answers

What does a high precipitation drag imply for landing distance?

Increases the landing distance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between flap deflection and air climb gradients?

Increased flap deflection reduces climb gradients. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum missed approach gradient required for CAT II/III approaches?

2.5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the first limitation for landing weight according to the content?

LW ≤ maximum structural landing weight Signup and view all the answers

Which condition must be met for maximum regulatory landing weight (MLW)?

MLW is the minimum of the structural landing weight and performance landing weight Signup and view all the answers

What does the commander need to verify before commencing an approach to land?

The weather conditions and runway state Signup and view all the answers

What may be required if the published gradient for a missed approach is greater than 2.5%?

An alternative method approval from the Authority Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum performance landing weight limited by?

Runway limitation and go-around limitation Signup and view all the answers

What is required for an aircraft's approach mass before proceeding with an instrument approach below 200 ft?

It must accommodate a climb gradient with a critical engine failure Signup and view all the answers

What do the JAR-OPS 1.510 regulations specify about approach mass for CAT II/III?

It must account for takeoff mass and fuel consumption Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

VAPP Target

The VAPP target (approach speed) is calculated by adding the minimum ground speed (GS mini) to the actual headwind.
GS mini (minimum ground speed) is calculated by subtracting the tower wind from the VAPP (approach speed).

Reference Speed: VREF

In case of a failure, the VREF speed is used for emergency or abnormal configurations.
VREF is the landing approach speed at 50 ft for a defined landing configuration called CONF FULL.
VREF equals VLS (landing speed) in CONF FULL.
Adjustments can be applied to VREF for system failures resulting in ∆VINOP (increment in approach speed).

Actual Landing Distance (ALD)

ALD is the distance required to land and come to a complete stop from 50 ft above the landing surface.
The aircraft must be in landing configuration with a stabilized approach at VLS (or VMCL whichever is greater) for manual landing.
ALD is determined on a level, smooth, dry, hard-surfaced runway with acceptable wheel braking system pressures.
Spoilera and reverse thrust can be used for braking on contaminated runways but not on dry runways.

Automatic Landing

The required landing distance is scheduled in the airplane Flight Manual if it exceeds the scheduled manual landing distance.
Minimum climb gradients for a twin-engine aircraft is 2.1% and 2.7% for a quad-engine aircraft.
The final approach configuration can be selected as long as the stall speed VS1g does not exceed 110% of VS1g for the all-engines-operating landing configuration.

Landing Climb

Landing climb is a mandatory go-around procedure with all engines operating.
The performance is based on the landing configuration (CONF 3 or FULL).

Runway Conditions

Runway contamination affects landing performance due to friction coefficient and precipitation drag.
A higher friction coefficient results in a shorter landing distance, and a higher precipitation drag results in a longer landing distance.

Aircraft Configuration

Engine air bleed for de-icing or air conditioning reduces engine thrust which decreases go-around air climb gradients.
Higher flap deflection increases lift coefficient but increases drag, leading to a shorter landing distance but reduced climb performance.

Dispatch Requirements

Operators must check that the Landing Distance Available (LDA) at the destination is at least equal to the Required Landing Distance (RLD) for the forecasted landing weight and conditions.
CAT II or CAT III approaches have a minimum missed approach climb gradient of 2.5% for all aircraft types.

In-Flight Requirements

The commander must ensure that weather conditions at the aerodrome and runway conditions are suitable for a safe approach, landing, or missed approach.

Maximum Regulatory Landing Weight (MLW)

Landing weight is limited by structural constraints and aircraft performance, including runway limitations and go-around limitations.
The MLW is the minimum of the maximum structural landing weight and the maximum landing weight limited by performance.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts related to aircraft approach speeds, including VAPP, VREF, and Actual Landing Distance (ALD). This quiz covers the calculations and conditions that impact landing approaches and configurations. Perfect for aviation students and enthusiasts!