Questions and Answers
What are the main types of landing gear for aircraft?
Which type of landing gear absorbs shock by converting the energy into heat energy?
What characteristic defines fixed landing gear?
Which of the following describes non-shock absorbing struts?
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What is the primary function of aircraft landing gear?
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What is a common feature of retractable landing gear?
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Which type of aircraft landing gear allows for landings on both water and dry land?
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What is a characteristic of Leaf-Type Spring Gear?
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Which material is NOT commonly used for non-shock absorbing struts?
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What is a significant advantage of tricycle-type landing gear?
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How do bungee cord assemblies function in non-shock absorbing landing gear?
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How does tail wheel-type landing gear differ from other types?
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What characteristic is common to tandem landing gear?
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Which feature is NOT typically associated with tricycle-type landing gear?
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Why might heavy aircraft use multiple wheels in their landing gear design?
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What defines a 'bogie' in aircraft landing gear terminology?
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What is the primary function of shock struts in aviation?
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What is a key component of a shock strut that is responsible for controlling fluid flow during compression?
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What is the purpose of the recoil valve in a shock strut?
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What type of fluid is typically stored in the lower chamber of a shock strut?
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Which component helps keep the piston and wheels aligned within the shock strut assembly?
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How does the packing gland contribute to the function of a shock strut?
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What role does the shimmy damper play in aircraft landing gear systems?
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Which component is used to fill the shock strut with hydraulic fluid and inflate it with air or nitrogen?
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What is the purpose of ground locks in aircraft landing gear?
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How does an electromagnetic sensor provide information regarding gear status?
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Which component is used to inform pilots about the status of the landing gear?
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What is the function of latches in landing gear systems?
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What should be used to clean a wheel bearing instead of gasoline or jet fuel?
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What is the primary function of a locking or disconnect pin?
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What does a gap in front of the main wheel tires indicate?
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Which type of valve is NOT a common type of high-pressure strut servicing valve?
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What is the purpose of the gear indicators in an aircraft?
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What happens when the hydraulic fluid quantity in the shock strut is low?
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What is indicated by positive camber in a main wheel?
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What is the role of restrictors in the nose wheel actuator?
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What does a squat switch do in relation to the landing gear strut?
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Study Notes
Aircraft Landing Gear Types
- Landing gear supports the entire weight of an aircraft during landing and ground operations.
- Basic types include wheels, skis, floats, and pontoons.
- Skis enable operation on frozen lakes and snowy areas.
- Pontoon landing gear is designed for water operations.
- Amphibious aircraft can land on both water and land, featuring retractable skis for wheel use.
Landing Gear Arrangements
- Three basic landing gear arrangements:
- Tail Wheel-Type (Conventional Gear)
- Tandem Landing Gear
- Tricycle-Type Landing Gear
- Tail Wheel-Type aligns the main gear forward of the center of gravity, using a steerable tail wheel connected via cables.
- Tandem Landing Gear aligns main and tail gear along the aircraft's longitudinal axis; used in sailplanes and military bombers.
- Tricycle-Type is the most common, consisting of main gear and a nose gear, offering benefits like improved visibility, better braking control, and prevention of ground-looping.
Fixed and Retractable Gear
- Fixed landing gear is attached to the airframe, exposed to airflow (e.g., smaller aircraft).
- Retractable landing gear stows in fuselage or wing compartments to reduce drag, often using panels or doors for deployment.
Shock Absorbing Mechanisms
- Landing gear manages impact forces during landings in two main ways by altering and absorbing shock energy.
- Shock Absorbing types include:
- Leaf-Type Spring Gear
- Rigid
- Bungee Cord
- Shock Struts
Leaf-Type Spring Gear
- Flexes upon impact and transfers forces during return to its position; common in single-engine aircraft like Cessna.
- Modern versions use composite materials for lightweight flexibility and corrosion resistance.
Shock Struts
- True shock absorption converts landing impact energy to heat.
- Typically a hydraulic unit that must be inspected regularly.
- Consists of two cylinders, creating chambers filled with hydraulic fluid and compressed air/nitrogen.
Components of Shock Struts
- The recoil valve controls fluid flow to mitigate impact.
- The orifice manages fluid passage, while metering pins regulate flow rates.
- Torque links align the piston and wheels.
- Packing glands prevent contamination of the hydraulic mechanism.
Auxiliary Systems
- Shimmy damper controls nose gear oscillations.
- Ground locks ensure landing gear remains locked during ground operations.
- Gear indicators provide real-time status to pilots.
- Squat switches monitor gear compression for safety verification.
Maintenance Considerations
- Ground locks safeguard that gear remains down while on the ground.
- Cleaning wheel bearings requires specific solvents to avoid damage from abrasive compounds.
- Lubricating bearings involves careful application of approved substances.
Additional Mechanics
- Over-travel refers to unnecessary piston movement beyond the gear's retraction/extension requirements.
- Latches secure the gear in position, while cables allow for emergency releases.
- Collapsible side braces are common for locking landing gear down.
Advanced Components
- Electromagnetic sensors and solenoids assist in gear position management.
- Go-no-go gauges are utilized for setting gear distances accurately.
- High-pressure strut servicing employs valve-core or core-free types for maintenance.
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Description
Explore the different types of aircraft landing gear in this quiz. Learn about the key functions of skis, pontoons, and amphibious designs used for various terrains and conditions. Test your knowledge on how these systems support aircraft during landings and ground operations.
