AI and STEM Education with IoT

• The AI4STEM curriculum explores the application of AI in educational robotics and introduces the 5 Big Ideas in Artificial Intelligence using the Internet of Things in STEM education.
• The project number is 2022-1-FR01-KA220-SCH-000085611 and was finalized on August 24, 2023.

Revision History

• A draft version was created on August 24, 2023, by Sofia Sousa, Ana Barroca, and Joana Santos (SCHOLÉ).

Referenced Documents:

• The AI4STEM Proposal with ID 1, reference 2022-1-FR01-KA220-SCH-000085611.

Copyright Information

• Copyright the AI4STEM Consortium 2022-1-FR01-KA220-SCH-000085611 with all rights reserved.
• The document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Module Introduction

• This module explores Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its modern applications.
• It aims to help teachers integrate AI into the classroom, exploring the interaction between AI and the Internet of Things (IoT).
• It provides simple information about AI, its applications, and its integration with IoT.
• The module includes examples and activities to help understand these aspects in elementary and secondary classrooms.

Glossary - Key Notions and Concepts

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) combines computer science and datasets to enable problem-solving.
• AI involves developing computer systems that perform tasks requiring human intelligence, like visual perception and language translation.
• A robot is any automated machine that replaces human effort.
• Capacity-based AI is categorized into Artificial Narrow Intelligence, Artificial General Intelligence, and Artificial Superintelligence.
• Functionality-Based AI concerns how an AI uses its learning capabilities and interacts with its environment.
• The AI4K12 project focuses on teaching AI in K-12 education in the US, aligning with CSTA standards for computer science.
• IoT involves using computer tools to automate real-world processes, reducing the need for human intervention, and enables devices to transfer information over a network without human interaction.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• AI is the ability of machines to simulate human intelligence using computer programs.
• Human-like AI focuses on algorithms/systems development performing human intelligence tasks like reasoning and problem-solving.
• AI can learn in three ways: supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised.

Types of Artificial Intelligence

• Various types of AI exist, each with its applications and challenges, contributing to problem-solving.
• The classification of AI depends on the criteria used, primarily capacity-based and functionality-based.
• Capacity-based AI includes:
  • Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), which executes specific actions, like image recognition.
  • Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), which can learn and perform tasks like a human.
  • Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), which surpasses human intelligence.
• Functionality-based AI types include:
  • Reactive Machines that react immediately.
  • Limited Memory that uses past data to improve performance.
  • Theory of Mind that understands emotions.
  • Self-Aware, which has a sense of self.

Task for the Classroom - AI in the Classroom

• Teachers can show images of AI applications and discuss their uses to introduce AI concepts.
• It could be followed up with conversation about the types of AI they can find.
• Discuss:
  • Whether all AIs work the same way.
  • What the main differences between one another are.
• Students should be able to discuss and understand AI, recognize different types of AI, and discuss their similarities and differences.

Application of AI in Everyday Life

• AI is integrated into daily routines.
• This includes facial recognition and personalized recommendations in various sectors like healthcare and education.
• AI is used in search engines, social networks, virtual assistants, and autonomous transportation.
• It enhances medical diagnoses, adapts educational content, and automates home systems.

Task for the Classroom - AI in Everyday Life

• Discuss how much students rely on AI in their daily lives and whether AI has made life easier.
• Identify how AI integrates with routines, discuss its uses, and understand its various applications.

AI and the 5 Big Ideas

• The "Five Big Ideas" of AI, proposed by John Haugeland, is a way to summarize the key concepts.
• The big ideas are:
  • Perception: computers perceive the world with sensors.
  • Representation & Reasoning: agents maintain representations of the world and use them for reasoning.
  • Learning: computers learn from inputs.
  • Natural Interaction: AI agents interact with humans naturally.
  • Societal Impact: AI has positive and negative effects on society.

Societal Impact in AI

• AI significantly impacts society, from the economy to daily life.
• It is used across industries, including healthcare, transport, education, e-commerce, and government.
• AI enhances accessibility, improves cyber security, and raises ethical and privacy issues.

The Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence

• IoT and AI are interconnected, with IoT helping AI process real-world events.
• AI enhances IoT by enabling more sophisticated responses, reducing the need for human intervention.
• AI advancements will greatly expand IoT applications.
• Examples include robots in manufacturing, self-driving cars, and smart thermostats.

Task for the Classroom - IoT and AI

• Think of examples where IoT and AI are used and describe what is the role of the IoT and the role of the AI.
• Discuss:
  • The main differences between IoT and AI.
  • Examples of applications or industries that apply IoT and AI combined.
  • The role of both IoT and AI in the execution of some interactions.

Ethics in Artificial Intelligence

• The increasing use of AI raises ethical concerns.
• Ethical issues include fairness, data responsibility, privacy, climate degradation, human rights, accountability, and technology misuse.
• Potential issues of ethical issues include:
  • Invasion of privacy.
  • Hindrance of the development of social skills.

Task for the Classroom - Ethics and AI

• Show students different school equipment and ask them to describe if they demonstrate artificial intelligence.
• Take conversation further by asking about the benefits and drawbacks of these technologies.
• Divide the class into smaller groups and define the positive and negative aspects.
• Deliver safe rules while using the equipment.
• Learning Objectives are:
  • Describe at least one example of an ethical issue pertaining to AI.
  • Create at least one guiding principle that addresses an AI ethics issue.
  • Gain conscience about the risk involved while using AI.
  • Reflecting on the positive and negative aspects of AI.