AI and Robotics Curriculum with IoT

• The AI4STEM Curriculum introduces the application of AI in educational robotics, focusing on the integration of the 5 Big Ideas in Artificial Intelligence within STEM education, particularly using the Internet of Things.

Description

• The module explores AI, its current applications, and its connection with the Internet of Things (IoT).
• Teachers can find information on AI, its application in daily life and with IoT, along with examples and activities for elementary and secondary school classrooms.
• Scenarios illustrating how AI and IoT can be integrated through the lens of the 5 Big Ideas are available, with emphasis on Societal Impact.

Glossary of Key Notions and Concepts

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) combines computer science and robust datasets to enable problem-solving and involves computer systems performing tasks requiring human intelligence.
• A robot is defined as any automated machine replacing human effort.
• Capacity-based AI is categorized into: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), and Artificial Superintelligence.
• Functionality-Based AI refers to how AI uses learning to process data, respond to stimuli, and interact, categorized into four types.
• The AI4K12 project focuses on integrating AI education into the K-12 curriculum in the US, aligning with CSTA standards for computer science.
• Internet of Things (IoT) uses computer tools to automate real-world processes, reducing the need for human participation, defined as the ability of computing devices to transfer information over a network without requiring human interaction.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• AI involves machines simulating human intelligence processes using computer programs, applied to various products and services.
• AI focuses on developing algorithms and systems that perform tasks requiring human intelligence, like reasoning, learning, problem-solving, pattern recognition, decision-making, and language understanding.
• AI can learn in three ways, supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised.
• Supervised learning involves a person giving the AI the required info when faced with specific situations.
• Semi-supervised learning involves the programmer identifying some images for the AI and letting it classify a set of unclassified images.
• Unsupervised learning involves the AI accessing multiple images of different types and autonomously identifying patterns.

Types of Artificial Intelligence

• AI exists in various types, each with its own applications and challenges, used to solve complex problems, with investment growing across different areas and sectors.
• AI classification depends on criteria, including capacity-based and functionality-based approaches.
• Capacity-based AI includes Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), and Artificial Superintelligence (ASI).
• ANI describes AI tools that execute specific actions, common in image recognition software and AI assistants.
• AGI describes AI that can learn, think, and perform tasks almost like a human, aiming to create machines that can multitask.
• ASI is the type of machine seen in science fiction, surpassing human intelligence once reaching a general intelligence level.
• Functionality-based AI can be sorted into Reactive Machines, Limited Memory, Theory of Mind, and Self-Aware.
• Reactive Machines react immediately but cannot store memory or learn from past experiences, such as spam filters and movie recommendations.
• Limited Memory AI can store past data to make predictions and improve performance, like chatbots and self-driving cars.
• Theory of Mind AI can understand emotions and subtle changes to react appropriately, still in early stages of development.
• Self-Aware AI marks reaching singularity with a sense of self and independent thinking.

Task for the Classroom AI in the Classroom

• Introduce the concept of AI by showing examples of AI use in daily life and asking students about their uses.
• Use images of robots, virtual assistants, facial recognition apps, self-driven cars, and chatbot websites.
• Facilitate a conversation about different AI types and group the AI examples.
• Students should be able to discuss what AI is, identify different AI types, and discuss their similarities and differences.

Application of AI in Everyday Life

• AI is present in daily routines, from unlocking phones with facial recognition to personalized recommendations on platforms like Netflix.
• Healthcare, finance, manufacturing, transportation, entertainment, and education also use AI.
• AI algorithms are used in search engines, social networks, and virtual assistants, as well as in autonomous transportation and medical diagnoses.
• AI is also used in educational platforms that adapt content to student needs and in smart home systems.

Task for the Classroom AI in Everyday Life

• Discuss how much students rely on AI in their daily lives, emphasizing if AI has made life easier and identifying AI at home and school.
• Enquire about areas that might be improved with AI.
• Explore how AI is part of their daily routine, discuss its use in everyday life, and familiarize them with its different presence.

AI and the 5 Big Ideas

• John Haugeland proposed the "Five Big Ideas" of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to summarize the key concepts of AI.
• The five concepts are Perception, Representation & Reasoning, Learning, Natural Interaction, and Societal Impact.
• Perception involves computers perceiving the world with sensors, enabling computers to 'see' and 'hear,' extracting meaning from sensory signals.
• Representation & Reasoning involves agents maintaining representations of the world and using them for reasoning, generating a semblance to work with big data.
• Learning involves computers learning from inputs, with machine learning providing statistical interference to find patterns, creating new representations.
• Natural Interaction involves AI agents requiring knowledge to interact with humans naturally via humanistic qualities like language, expressions, and social conventions.
• Societal Impact involves AI creating a positive and negative impact on society.

Societal Impact in AI

• AI significantly impacts society across various areas, influencing the economy to daily life.
• AI is used in automating tasks in industries, improving accuracy and reducing costs in health and medicine, optimizing traffic and providing accessibility in transportation, personalizing education, creating personalized product recommendations, and originating technologies for accessibility.
• Additionaly, AI is used to improve cyber security, addressing ethical and privacy issues, and improving government and global decision-making. The societal impact can be positive or negative due to potential biases in data.

The Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence

• IoT is connected to AI and helps process real-world events, essential for AI's application.
• The complexity of an IoT-supported system determines how far AI can be used.
• AI can reduce the need for human participation, depending on the capabilities of the tools used.
• AI improves and expands capabilities, becoming closer to mimicking human capabilities.

Examples of the Interaction and Contribution of AI to the IoT:

• Manufacturing embraces AI and IoT, using robots equipped with sensors that learn from data to save time and costs, improving processes.
• Self-driving cars combine IoT and AI to predict the behavior of pedestrians and cars in different circumstances.
• Smart thermostat solutions use AI-powered IoT to manage temperature based on user schedules and preferences.

Task for the Classroom Iot and AI

• Explore examples where they think IoT and AI are used and describe the role of each
• Explore examples such as smart parking systems with AI, and healthy diet monitoring systems.
• Understand and communicate the differences between IoT and AI and identify applications that apply IoT and AI combined

Ethics in Artificial Intelligence

• The increasing use of AI raises ethical concerns, including fairness, data responsibility, privacy, climate degradation, human rights, accountability, and technology misuse.
• AI in education and child-rearing also raise potential invasion of privacy.
• AI can prevent students from developing social and personal skills like communication critical thinking.

Task for the classroom Ethics and AI

• Students can describe what is used in school and demonstrate AI usage
• Positive and Negative aspects can be defined by the class within smaller groups.
• End result, a chart can be created to show the class "Ethics in the Classroom", and suggestions can be made by students.
• Students should be able to explain how it can impact society, create a list of principles, gain conscience about risks and reflect the positive and negative effects