AI and Robotics Curriculum: Module Introduction

• The AI4STEM Curriculum focuses on the application of AI in educational robotics
• It introduces the 5 Big Ideas in Artificial Intelligence using the Internet of Things in STEM education

Description (Module Introduction)

• This module explores Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications in everyday life
• A goal is to help teachers teach AI effectively in the classroom
• It explores the interaction between AI and the Internet of Things (IoT)
• Teachers can find simple information about AI, its applications in everyday life, and its connection to IoT
• It includes examples, questions, activity suggestions, and learning objectives
• It provides scenarios on how AI and IoT can be approached through the lens of the 5 Big Ideas proposed by the AI4K12 initiative
• It emphasizes the 5th Big Idea, Societal Impact

Key Notions and Concepts

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field combining computer science and robust datasets to enable problem-solving
• AI involves developing computer systems that perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence
• Examples of AI tasks are visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation
• A robot is any automatically operated machine that replaces human effort
• Robots do not necessarily resemble humans in appearance or function in a human-like manner
• Capacity-based AI is classified into three types: Artificial Narrow Intelligence, Artificial General Intelligence, and Artificial Superintelligence.
• Functionality-Based AI concerns how an AI applies its learning capabilities to process data, respond to stimuli, and interact with its environment
• The AI4K12 project focuses on teaching AI in K-12 education in the US and has aligned its vision with the CSTA standards for computer science
• Internet of Things (IoT) involves using computer tools to automate real-world processes and reduce the need for direct human participation
• IoT enables computing devices to transfer information over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) involves machines simulating human intelligence processes using computer programs
• AI has expanded from switch programs to various products and services to simplify daily life
• AI focuses on developing algorithms and systems for tasks requiring human intelligence
• Examples of the tasks include reasoning, self-learning, problem-solving, pattern recognition, decision-making, and language understanding
• Robots represent a complex form of AI that interacts more closely with humans
• AI can learn in three ways: supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised

Types of Artificial Intelligence

• AI is diverse, with various types that can exist simultaneously, each with unique applications and challenges
• AI provides advantages and limitations for complex problem-solving and is constantly evolving with increasing investment
• AI classification depends on the criteria used, with two major criteria: Capacity-based and Functionality-Based
• Capacity-based AI includes three types: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), and Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)
• Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) describes AI tools for specific actions or commands, common in image recognition software and AI assistants
• Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) describes AI that can learn, think, and perform tasks like a human, with the goal of creating machines for multitasking
• Artificial Superintelligence (ASI) represents machines that surpass human intelligence, seen in science fiction, with scientists believing they will become stronger than humans
• Functionality-based AI can be sorted into four types: Reactive Machines, Limited Memory, Theory of Mind, and Self-Aware, each varying in complexity and capability

AI in the Classroom

• Introducing AI to students can be challenging, despite its prevalence in daily life
• Teachers show images of AI applications (robots, virtual assistants, facial recognition, self-driving cars, chatbots)
• The teacher can start a class discussion about AI's they can find
• Questions to ask: Do all AIs work the same way? What are the main differences? How do they act differently?
• Students create groups to separate AIs by type for the teacher to then introduce the different types

Application of AI in Everyday Life

• AI is integrated into daily routines, often unnoticed, and simplifies tasks
• Examples include facial recognition to unlock phones and recommendations on platforms like Netflix and Amazon
• AI is applied in healthcare, finance, manufacturing, transportation, entertainment, and education
• Search engines use AI algorithms for voice and image search, translation, and maps
• Social networks use AI for pattern analysis to personalize content
• Virtual assistants like Apple's Siri and Amazon's Alexa use natural language processing (NLP) and speech recognition
• The automotive industry uses AI in autonomous transportation
• Medicine uses AI in medical diagnoses to find patterns and assist doctors in detecting anomalies
• Educational platforms like Khan Academy, Duolingo, and Squirrel AI use AI to adapt content to individual student needs
• AI is used in smart homes for thermostats and safety systems to learn user preferences

Task for the Classroom – AI in Everyday Life

• Discuss how much students rely on AI in their daily lives
• Questions: Has AI made life better or easier? Do you have smart equipment at home? How does it help? Do you use AI at school? How is it useful?
• Students identify AI use in their daily routines
• Learn to discuss that AI is more than what it appears, and to get familiar with AI applications

AI and the 5 Big Ideas

• "Five Big Ideas" of Artificial Intelligence (AI) were proposed by John Haugeland to summarize AI's key concepts
• These ideas provide an overview of the fundamental principles behind AI development
• Idea 1: Computers can perceive the world with sensors, enabling them to 'see' and 'hear' for practical use
• Idea 2: Agents maintain representations of the world and use them for reasoning in both natural and artificial intelligence
• Idea 3: Computers can learn from various inputs, with machine learning providing statistical interference for finding patterns in data
• Idea 4: AI agents require knowledge to interact with humans naturally, using humanistic qualities like language and emotions
• Idea 5: AI has positive and negative impacts on society, emphasizing the need to balance technology use with its potential for enhancing human interactions

Societal Impact in AI

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a significant impact on society across various areas, influencing the economy, daily life, and specific sectors
• In Health and Medicine, AI improves treatment accuracy and reduces costs
• The transport driving develops autonomous systems for road safety and accessibility
• AI transforms education by personalizing learning based on individual student needs
• AI enhances online shopping through personalized recommendations
• It enables technologies that make life secure with cyber threats and attacks
• Raises ethical and privacy concerns regarding data collection and use
• Improves public administration to predict risks and make decisions in areas like public safety and health
• Positive or negative impact on having biases in the data for AI

The Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence

• IoT helps AI process signals from the real-world
• Nowadays, the question that IoT users and developers are asking is not if they should use AI but how far can AI be taken
• Artificial Intelligence is essential to IoT
• The complexity of the real-world system the IoT supports determines this
• The AI must recognize the event and the state
• AI can help reduce the need for direct human participation, but still needs human judgment and decisions
• As capabilities improve, AI's contribution to IoT grows

Examples of AI and IoT Interaction

• Robots in Manufacturing: Used alongside facial recognition, IoT. They are employed to facilitate automated data transmission
• Self-driving Cars: Predict pedestrian and car behavior by considering road conditions
• Smart Thermostat: Manages temperature anywhere, based on user's schedule

Task for The Classroom – IoT and AI

• Students understand where IoT and AI are used, and describe their roles
• Smart parking system for car movement data
• Healthy diet system for student's lunch choices data

Task Objectives

• Students should be able to:
• Communicate the differences between IoT and AI.
• Identify examples of apps and industries that work with both
• Comprehend each of their roles

Ethics in Artificial Intelligence

• AI raises some ethic concerns as its facilitating tasks and lowering risk of failure
• Issues include fairness, data responsibility, climate degradation, human rights, and accountability
• AI-powered devices can collect user data, raising privacy worries
• Over-reliance on AI can hinder the development of social and personal skills
• Providing questions and suggestions can limit student's knowledge

Classroom Task

• Teachers show class equipment that uses AI and the students describe it
• Teacher discuss some of the drawbacks of these technologies might be
• Then split the class into groups, defining one device and describe the use of it and some AI safe rules
• To then create “Ethics in the classroom”

Objectives

• Students should Be able to:
• Impact of one issue that pertains to AI
• Create a guideline that addresses issues
• Recognize what issues involve with using AI
• Positive and negative side of AI