Agricultural Revolutions and Crop Types
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Questions and Answers

Which revolution is associated with increasing milk production?

  • White Revolution (correct)
  • Blue Revolution
  • Yellow Revolution
  • Green Revolution

    • Which of the following crops is classified as a Kharif crop?

  • Wheat
  • Paddy (correct)
  • Mustard
  • Peas

    • What is the primary nutrient provided by cereals?

  • Proteins
  • Fats
  • Carbohydrates (correct)
  • Vitamins

    • Which of the following plants is primarily cultivated to yield fibre?

    <p>Cotton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which revolution is associated with the increase in pulse production?

    <p>Golden Revolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the 'Crop Production Management' system in farming?

    <p>Supplying proper nutrition for crops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has contributed most significantly to the increase in crop production since 1960?

    <p>Improvement in crop varieties and management practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a Rabi crop that is typically grown in the summer season?

    <p>Gram (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary benefit of developing improved crop varieties?

    <p>Improved ability to withstand diverse environmental conditions, leading to more stable crop yields (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most precise description of hybridization in plant breeding?

    <p>The method of combining the genetic material from two distinct plants to create a new variety. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A farmer wants to improve the fertilizer responsiveness of their wheat crop. According to the information, what agronomic trait should they select for in new wheat varieties?

    <p>Dwarfness to prevent lodging (falling over) under heavy fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of plant nutrients?

    <p>Biocides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes genetically modified (GM) crops from crops produced through traditional hybridization?

    <p>GM crops involve the introduction of specific genes to achieve desired traits, while hybridization involves crossing entire genomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Plant Breeding

    The scientific method of improving crop varieties through selection and hybridization.

    Hybridization

    The crossing of two genetically different plants to combine desirable traits.

    Macronutrients

    Essential nutrients required by plants in large amounts for growth, like N, P, K.

    Micronutrients

    Nutrients needed by plants in small amounts, such as Fe, Cu, and Zn.

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    Genetically Modified Crops

    Crops that have been altered through genetic engineering to exhibit desired traits.

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    Green Revolution

    A period of agricultural transformation that increased food grain production, particularly in developing countries.

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    Blue Revolution

    An initiative aimed at increasing fish production through improved techniques and management.

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    Nutrient-based Crop Types

    Crops categorized based on the nutrients they provide like protein, carbohydrates, and fats.

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    Cereals

    High carbohydrate crops that provide energy, such as wheat, rice, and maize.

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    Pulses

    Leguminous crops rich in protein, such as lentils and chickpeas.

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    Kharif Crops

    Crops grown during the rainy season, from June to October.

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    Crop Variety Improvement

    Enhancing crop yield by improving the genetic quality of plants.

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    Crop Production Management

    Practices to optimize crop growth and yield through proper management.

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    Study Notes

    Agricultural Revolutions and Crop Improvement

    • Various agricultural revolutions aim to increase food, fish, milk, and oil production.
    • Green Revolution: Increased food grain production.
      • Father of Green Revolution in India: M.S. Swaminathan
    • Blue Revolution: Increased fish production
    • White Revolution: Increased milk production
    • Yellow Revolution: Increased oil production
    • Golden Revolution: Increased pulse production

    Types of Crops

    • Based on Nutrients:
      • Cereals: High carbohydrate content (energy). Examples: Wheat, Maize, Rice, Barley, Rye, Oats, Sorghum.
      • Pulses: Rich in protein. Examples: Gram (Chana), Black gram (Urad), Green gram (Moong), Pigeon pea (Arhar), Lentil (Masoor).
      • Oil-yielding plants: Provide fatty acids. Examples: Groundnut, Castor, Cotton, Sunflower, Coconut, Mustard, Sesame, Linseed, Niger.
      • Vegetables, Spices, & Fruits: Source of vitamins, minerals, small amounts of protein, carbohydrate, and oil. Examples: Ginger, Turmeric, Cloves, Pepper, Fennel, Coriander, Cumin.
      • Fiber-yielding plants: Examples: Cotton, Jute.
      • Beverages: Little nutritive value, stimulating. Examples: Tea, Coffee.
      • Fodder crops: Examples: Berseem, Sudan grass, Oat grasses.
    • Based on Growing Season:
      • Kharif crops: Grown in rainy season (June-October). Examples: Paddy, Soyabean, Arhar, Maize, Cotton, Urad, Moong.
      • Rabi crops: Grown in summer season (November-April). Examples: Wheat, Gram, Peas, Mustard, Linseed. Also called "summer season crops."

    Increased Crop Production (1960-2004)

    • Total crop production increased fourfold.
    • Cultivated land increased by only 25%.

    Factors Contributing to Increased Yield

    • Improved seeds
    • Proper nutrition for crops
    • Protection of crops during growth and harvest

    Crop Production Systems

    • Crop variety improvement: Goal is to create better crop varieties by:
      • High yield
      • Better quality
      • Resistance to diseases, insects, pests, and harsh weather conditions
      • Desirable agronomic traits (e.g., dwarfness, branching, tillering)
      • Wider adaptability
      • Early maturation
      • Improved fertiliser response
    • Methods of improving crop varieties:
      • Plant breeding (selection and hybridization)
      • Hybridization: Combining desirable traits from different varieties (intervarietal, interspecific, intergeneric).
      • Genetic engineering: Introducing genes for desired traits (Genetically Modified Crops or GM crops).
    • Crop production management: Includes:
      • Nutrient requirements
      • Irrigation
      • Cropping patterns

    Nutrient Requirements

    • Macronutrients: Needed in large amounts. Examples: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S).
    • Micronutrients: Needed in small amounts. Examples: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Boron (Bo), Molybdenum (Mo), Chlorine (Cl).
    • Sources of plant nutrients:
      • Air (Carbon, Oxygen)
      • Water (Hydrogen)
      • Soil (Nitrogen (N2), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S), other trace minerals)
    • Most important nutrients for plant growth: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K).

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    Description

    Explore the significant agricultural revolutions that enhanced food, fish, milk, and oil production. Learn about essential crops grouped by their nutrient profiles, including cereals, pulses, oil-yielding plants, and fruits. This quiz encompasses key agricultural concepts and their historical impact.

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