Agricultural Drying Standards Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum noise level allowed for the heated-air mechanical grain dryer?

  • 80 dB(A)
  • 92 dB(A) (correct)
  • 95 dB(A)
  • 85 dB(A)

    • The warranty for the mechanical grain dryer includes all parts for two years after purchase.

    False

    What type of tools shall be provided with the heated-air mechanical grain dryer unit?

    Basic tools

    The dust emission from the mechanical grain dryer must be within acceptable limits set by the _______.

    <p>Department of Environment and Natural Resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowable percentage increase of cracked grain for rice in a mechanical grain dryer?

    <p>5.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their warranty duration:

    <p>Burner = 1 year Fan = 1 year Conveying equipment = 1 year Fast moving parts = No warranty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features are required for access during repair and maintenance of the mechanical grain dryer?

    <p>Easily accessible parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maximum spillage percentage allowed for corn in a mechanical grain dryer is 1.0%.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum drying efficiency required for a mechanical grain dryer?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All metal parts of the grain dryer should have rough surfaces to ensure strength.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maximum moisture gradient allowed is ___%.

    <p>2.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What standard must the operation manual conform to?

    <p>PAES 102:2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fuels has the lowest minimum heating system efficiency in a mechanical grain dryer?

    <p>Biomass indirect-fired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following performance criteria with their maximum allowable values for corn:

    <p>Cracked grain = 35.0% increase Hulled/damaged grain = N/A Brokens/Split kernels = 7.0% increase Spillage = 0.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All rotating parts in the mechanical grain dryer must be unbalanced.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a batch type dryer from a continuous flow dryer?

    <p>Batch type dryers only work in fixed volumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential feature that the dryer must be equipped with to measure air temperature?

    <p>Thermometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The counter-flow type dryer moves the drying air in the same direction as the grain being dried.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a type of continuous flow dryer that includes mixing to occur during operation.

    <p>mixing type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ type batch dryer is where the grain is held in a vertical grain holding bin.

    <p>vertical bin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following type of dryers with their descriptions:

    <p>Concurrent flow type = The product moves in the same direction as drying air Counter-flow type = The grain moves in one direction, air in the opposite Cross-flow type = Air flows transverse to the grain's direction Non-mixing type = Grain flows through a straight path without mixing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a flat bed type dryer?

    <p>It holds grain stationary in a horizontal bin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A recirculating type dryer does not mix the grain during the drying process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drying process in a continuous flow dryer compared to a batch type dryer?

    <p>Continuous flow dryers move grain through the chamber continuously, while batch dryers dry in fixed volumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dryer allows the products of combustion to come into direct contact with the product being dried?

    <p>Direct-fired dryer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The moisture gradient refers to the average moisture content of the grain after drying.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a dust collecting system?

    <p>To collect dust using devices such as aspiration fans and cyclones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A grain dryer is used to remove excess moisture from the grain, generally by forced or natural __________.

    <p>convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of heat introduction methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Direct = Products of combustion contact the products being dried. Indirect = Products of combustion do not contact the products being dried.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the ratio of total heat utilized to vaporize moisture to the amount of heat added to drying air?

    <p>Drying efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Head rice is defined as a fraction of grain shorter than eight-tenth (8/10) of the whole grain length.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a plenum in a grain dryer?

    <p>To develop air pressure for uniform distribution of heated air through the grain mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ dryer passes grain intermittently in cycles or stages through the drying chamber.

    <p>multi-pass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a classification of heated-air mechanical grain dryers?

    <p>Static type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily excluded from the specifications of this standard?

    <p>Dryers for seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This standard applies to both palay and corn grains.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the publications considered in the preparation of the standard.

    <p>ISO/DIS 11520-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This standard is specifically for heated–air mechanical grain dryer used for ______ purposes.

    <p>commercial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following documents with their relevance:

    <p>ISO/DIS 11520-1 = Determination of Drying Performance PAES 202:2000 = Methods of Test for Grain Dryers Status of Grain Dryers in the Philippines = Analysis of Dryers' Status Part 16 and 17 of the Regional Network = Test Codes for Rice Dryers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grain-related document relates to specifications for heated-air mechanical grain dryers?

    <p>PAES 201:2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Preparation of the Standard

    • Consideration of ISO/DIS 11520-1: Agricultural Grain Dryers for drying performance evaluation.
    • Inclusion of parts from the Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery regarding continuous flow and batch rice dryers.
    • Reference to Justin Tumambing's paper on the status of grain dryers in the Philippines.
    • Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard PAES 201:2000 outlines specifications for heated-air mechanical grain dryers.

    Scope of the Standard

    • Defines the requirements for heated-air mechanical grain dryers for commercial use, excluding seed dryers.
    • Grain refers specifically to palay (unhusked rice) and corn.

    Reference Document

    • PAES 202:2000: Provides testing methods for heated-air mechanical grain dryers.

    Definitions

    • Batch Type Dryers: Hold fixed volumes of grain until moisture content is achieved.
      • Flat Bed: Grain held in shallow bins.
      • Recirculating: Circulates grain during drying.
      • Vertical Bin: Grain held in vertical bins.
    • Continuous Flow Dryers: Drying occurs as grain moves continuously through the chamber.
      • Variation types include concurrent flow, counter-flow, cross-flow, mixing, and non-mixing.
    • Dryer Types:
      • Direct-Fired: Combustion products directly contact grain.
      • Indirect-Fired: Combustion products do not contact grain.
    • Drying Efficiency: Measure of heat utilization for moisture vaporization.

    Performance Criteria

    • Standard sets performance benchmarks for rice and corn dryers, including:
      • Final moisture content: 14% (wet basis).
      • Maximum moisture gradient: 2.0%.
      • Product quality limits on cracked grain (5% increase for rice, 35% for corn), head rice, hulled/damaged grain, and split kernels.
      • Spillage: Maximum 0.5%.
      • Minimum drying efficiency: 75%.

    Heating System Efficiency

    • Defines minimum efficiencies based on fuel type:
      • Petroleum based fuels: 90% (direct), 75% (indirect).
      • Biomass fuels: 65% (direct), 50% (indirect).

    Safety and Maintenance Features

    • Must include fire control provisions and protection for moving parts.
    • Noise level must not exceed 92 dB(A).
    • Dust emission regulations must comply with environmental standards.
    • Complete operations manual and basic tools must accompany each unit.
    • After-sales service, spare parts, and identification of wearing parts are essential.

    Warranty and Durability

    • Construction of grain dryers should be robust to prevent major breakdowns within one year.
    • Warranty applies to parts and services, lasting one year post-acceptance, excluding fast-wearing components.

    Workmanship and Finish

    • Mechanical grain dryers must be free from defects that could impact safety or usability.
    • Standardized uniformity across components of the same brand and model is required.

    Sampling for Testing

    • All dryer units must be sampled according to PAES 103:2000 for agricultural machinery methodologies.

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    Related Documents

    Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard PAES 201:2000 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the standards and performance determinations concerning agricultural grain dryers. This quiz covers key documents and studies relevant to rice dryer technology, particularly in the context of the Philippines. Perfect for students and professionals in agricultural engineering.

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