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Questions and Answers
What is the primary objective of tempering in the wheat milling process?
What is the primary objective of tempering in the wheat milling process?
- To separate grains of different densities
- To soften the bran (correct)
- To mix the wheat with other grains
- To remove impurities from the wheat
What is the purpose of the disk separators in wheat processing?
What is the purpose of the disk separators in wheat processing?
- To grind the wheat into flour
- To separate grains of different shapes and sizes (correct)
- To mix the wheat with other grains
- To remove impurities from the wheat
What is the typical range of water added to the wheat during tempering?
What is the typical range of water added to the wheat during tempering?
- 10% to 12% of the weight of the wheat
- 30% to 35% of the weight of the wheat
- 20% to 25% of the weight of the wheat
- 14% to 18% of the weight of the wheat (correct)
What happens to the bran during the resting period of tempering?
What happens to the bran during the resting period of tempering?
What is the purpose of the resting period in the tempering process?
What is the purpose of the resting period in the tempering process?
What is the purpose of disk separators in wheat processing?
What is the purpose of disk separators in wheat processing?
What is the result of tempering on the endosperm?
What is the result of tempering on the endosperm?
What is the ultimate goal of the tempering process?
What is the ultimate goal of the tempering process?
What is the purpose of scouring in grain processing?
What is the purpose of scouring in grain processing?
What is the function of an air table in gravity separation?
What is the function of an air table in gravity separation?
What is the purpose of destoning in grain processing?
What is the purpose of destoning in grain processing?
How do color sorters remove discolored or damaged grains?
How do color sorters remove discolored or damaged grains?
What is the purpose of magnetic separation in grain processing?
What is the purpose of magnetic separation in grain processing?
What is the function of an aspirator in grain processing?
What is the function of an aspirator in grain processing?
What is the purpose of a receiving or milling separator?
What is the purpose of a receiving or milling separator?
What is the purpose of winnowing in grain processing?
What is the purpose of winnowing in grain processing?
What is the main reason for adding water to the grain during the tempering process?
What is the main reason for adding water to the grain during the tempering process?
What is the result of soft and pliable bran during milling?
What is the result of soft and pliable bran during milling?
What happens to the endosperm during the tempering process?
What happens to the endosperm during the tempering process?
What is the primary mechanism of action in a roller mill?
What is the primary mechanism of action in a roller mill?
What is the benefit of properly conditioned wheat during milling?
What is the benefit of properly conditioned wheat during milling?
What is the purpose of the resting period in the tempering process?
What is the purpose of the resting period in the tempering process?
What is the result of high moisture content in the bran during milling?
What is the result of high moisture content in the bran during milling?
What type of wheat is often used in the roller milling process?
What type of wheat is often used in the roller milling process?
What is the primary function of sieves in the milling process?
What is the primary function of sieves in the milling process?
What is the main advantage of using plansifters in modern mills?
What is the main advantage of using plansifters in modern mills?
What is the purpose of grading in the milling process?
What is the purpose of grading in the milling process?
What happens to larger particles during repeated sifting?
What happens to larger particles during repeated sifting?
How do purifiers separate particles in addition to size?
How do purifiers separate particles in addition to size?
What is the main benefit of using purifiers in the milling process?
What is the main benefit of using purifiers in the milling process?
What is the purpose of recovery in the purifying process?
What is the purpose of recovery in the purifying process?
What does the concept of 'extraction yield' or 'extraction' represent in the milling industry?
What does the concept of 'extraction yield' or 'extraction' represent in the milling industry?
What is the purpose of the cleaning process in grain milling?
What is the purpose of the cleaning process in grain milling?
What is the primary step in grain cleaning?
What is the primary step in grain cleaning?
What is the purpose of using screens or sieves of varying sizes in the cleaning process?
What is the purpose of using screens or sieves of varying sizes in the cleaning process?
What is the result of removing the bran and germ during the milling process?
What is the result of removing the bran and germ during the milling process?
What is the benefit of using whole grain products?
What is the benefit of using whole grain products?
What is the advantage of using refined flour in baking?
What is the advantage of using refined flour in baking?
What is the purpose of aspiration in the cleaning process?
What is the purpose of aspiration in the cleaning process?
What is the economic benefit of the milling industry?
What is the economic benefit of the milling industry?
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Study Notes
Wheat Milling Process
- Wheat passes through a cockle cylinder to separate grains of similar density
- The machine consists of a series of disks mounted on a horizontal central shaft with pocketed sides to pick up grain of a certain shape and size
Conditioning (Tempering)
- Water is added to cleaned wheat to toughen the bran and mellow the endosperm, optimizing the milling process
- Tempering process involves:
- Water addition: 14% to 18% of the wheat's weight, depending on type and initial moisture content
- Resting: Allowing even distribution of moisture throughout the grain
- Bran softening: Softening the bran to remove lightweight impurities
- Gravity separation: Dense and healthy grains sink, while broken grains and foreign bodies float or remain suspended
Cleaning Process
- Receiving or milling separator: Removes sticks, stones, and other foreign material that is larger or smaller than the grain
- Screenings: Passes through screens or sieves of varying sizes to remove impurities
- Aspiration: Controlled air flow to remove chaff, small pieces of straw, etc.
- Sieves: Separate particles based on size, with smaller particles falling through openings while larger ones are retained
Milling Process
- Roller mills: Pairs of cylindrical rollers rotating in opposite directions to grind the wheat
- Plansifters: Multiple stacked sieves to classify flour into various particle sizes simultaneously
- Purifiers: Separate particles by size and weight, blowing lighter bran particles away from heavier endosperm particles
- Repeated sifting: Ensures larger particles are sent back for further grinding, while finer particles move on in the process
Milling Implications
- Nutritional: Removal of bran and germ decreases nutritional value, making whole grain products more nutritious
- Shelf Life: Refined flour has a longer shelf life due to the removal of oil-rich germ
- Texture and Taste: Refined flour produces softer, milder-tasting baked goods
- Economic: The milling industry caters to diverse markets, producing various grades and types of flour
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