Agri 13: Principles of Genetics Quiz

Study Notes

First Semester of AY 2024-2025 begins August 12, 2024 and ends December 15, 2024
Last day to drop subjects is September 25, 2024
Midterm exam scheduled for October 8-12, 2024 for both graduating and non-graduating students
Midterm Interlude is October 28 to November 03, 2024
Final exam is December 10-14, 2024

Lecture Components (50%)
- Attendance and Class Participation (10%)
- Short and Long Quizzes (15%)
- Lecture Activities/Guide Questions (30%)
- Two Examinations (45%)

Week 1 (August 12-16): Course Orientation and Introduction
Week 2 (August 19-23): Unit I – Introduction to Genetics
Week 3 (August 27-30): Unit II – Chromosomal Basis of Heredity
Week 4 (September 2-6): Unit II – Chromosomal Basis of Heredity
Week 5 (September 9-13): Unit III – Gene Segregation and Interaction
Week 6 (September 16-20): Unit III – Gene Segregation and Interaction
Week 7 (September 23-27): Unit IV – Linkage and Recombination
Week 8 (September 30 to October 04): Unit V – The DNA: Chemical Basis of Heredity
Week 9 (October 7-11): Midterm Examination
Week 10 (October 14-18): Unit VI – Gene Functions
Week 11 (October 21-25): BU Olympics (Developmental Genetics)
Week 12 (October 28-31): Midterm Interlude
Week 13 (November 4-8): Unit VII – Developmental Genetics and Unit VIII – Epigenetics and Mutations
Week 14 (November 11-15): Unit IX – Delayed Chromosomal and Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Week 15 (November 18-22): Unit X - Quantitative and Population Genetics
Week 16 (November 25-29): Unit XI – Human Genetics
Week 17 (December 2-6): Integration Period/Review Week
Week 18 (December 9-13): Final Examination

Genetics derived from the Greek word "gen", meaning to "become" or "grow into" something.
The term "Genetics" coined by William Bateson in 1906.
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) considered "Father of Genetics", for his discoveries about hereditary characteristics and how they pass between generations.

Passed down from generation to generation.
Provides information about the structure, function, and biological properties of the traits it controls.

Theory of Pangenesis: Aristotle proposed that semen was formed in every part of the body and reflected the characteristics of that part.
Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics: Proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, suggested modifications acquired through use or disuse could be transmitted to offspring.
Weismann’s Germplasm Theory: Weismann challenged the Theory of Pangenesis through experiments on mice. His work suggested that traits were not inherited through particles from the body, but through the sex cells (germplasm).

Use and Disuse: Lamarck's theory focused on traits developing or diminishing during an organism's lifetime due to usage or lack thereof.
Acquired Characteristics: Lamarck's theory proposed that these developed traits could then be inherited by the next generation.

Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter (1733-1806): Observed the diversity in offspring of hybrid plants although they initially appeared uniform.
Carl Correns (Germany), Erick Von Tschermak (Austria), and Hugo de Vries (Netherlands) (1900): Independently duplicated Mendel's experiments and rediscovered his principles of inheritance.
William Bateson, Saunders, and Cuenot (1902): Demonstrated the applicability of Mendel's principles to animals.
Walter S. Sutton (USA) and Theodor Boveri (Germany) (1903): Suggested the association of Mendelian factors with chromosomes.
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1910) and Calvin B. Bridges (1916): Demonstrated that each chromosome contained multiple genes.

Oswald T. Avery, Collin M. Macleod, and Maclyn McCarty (1940): Identified DNA as the hereditary material.
Rosalind Franklin: Used x-ray crystallography to obtain images of DNA, which were crucial in helping James Watson and Francis Crick create their DNA model.