Basic Genetics and Segregation Principles
10 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the Principle of Independent Assortment state?

  • Only one characteristic can be expressed at a time.
  • Genes are inherited independently of one another. (correct)
  • Alleles segregate into gametes during meiosis.
  • Characteristics are determined by pairs of internal factors.

    • What is the main purpose of genetic tests?

  • To assess genetic variation among populations.
  • To enhance agricultural production.
  • To study gene structure at the molecular level.
  • To diagnose certain genetic disorders. (correct)

    • What is a potential consequence of chromosome translocation?

  • Enhanced gene expression.
  • Increased genetic variation.
  • Formation of a new chromatid.
  • Development of Down syndrome. (correct)

    • What term describes the double-stranded structure of a chromosome that remains connected at the centromere?

    <p>Chromatid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following branches of genetics focuses on genetic variations within populations?

    <p>Ecological genetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as the F1 generation?

    <p>The generation resulting from a cross between two homozygous organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a recessive allele?

    <p>It influences the phenotype only when paired with another identical allele. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about multiple alleles is true?

    <p>A characteristic controlled by multiple alleles can have three or more variations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by a pure line in genetics?

    <p>A group of individuals with identical genetic makeup. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a gamete in sexual reproduction?

    <p>It participates in the formation of a zygote during fertilization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Haploid

    A cell with one set of chromosomes (N).

    Diploid

    A cell with two sets of chromosomes (2N).

    Principle of Segregation

    Genes occur in pairs and separate during gamete formation.

    Translocations

    A chromosome segment breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pharmacogenomics

    Study of how genetic variation affects drug responses.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Homozygous dominant

    An organism with two identical dominant alleles, e.g., AA.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Recessive allele

    An allele that expresses a trait only with a matching allele.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Codominance

    A situation where two alleles are both fully expressed in the phenotype.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Zygote

    The fertilized egg formed from the union of male and female gametes.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Gamete

    Reproductive cell that combines during fertilization.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Basic Genetics

    • Haploid (n): One set of chromosomes
    • Diploid (2n): Two sets of chromosomes
    • Gene: A unit specifying a particular trait
    • Chromosome: Structure of a genome composed primarily of nucleic acid and structural proteins
    • Chromatid: One of two identical strands of a duplicated chromosome, attached by their shared centromere
    • Chromatin: Dispersed strands of chromosomes during interphase
    • Gene arrangement: Can be altered by chromosomal deletions, inversions, and translocations
    • Translocation: Part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome
    • Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster): Commonly used in genetic research due to its ease of culture and rapid reproduction (new generation every 10-12 days)

    Principles of Segregation and Independent Assortment

    • Principle of Segregation: Organism's characteristics are determined by internal factors (genes) that occur in pairs.
    • Principle of Independent Assortment: States that any one of a pair of characteristics can combine with either one of a another pair.

    Chromosome Structure and Function

    • Chromosome structure: The physical structure of a genome composed primarily of nucleic acid with structural proteins
    • Chromatid: Each of the two identical strands of a duplicated chromosome
    • Centromere: The region where the two chromatids are attached
    • Chromatin: A diffuse, thread-like form of chromosomes during interphase (non-dividing phase of a cell).

    Genetic Variation

    • Gene arrangement: The order of genes on a chromosome
    • Inversions: A segment of a chromosome is cut out and reversed in place
    • Deletions: Loss of a segment of a chromosome
    • Translocations: Part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome (can cause genetic disorders)

    Other Genetic Concepts

    • Homozygous dominant (AA): Two identical dominant alleles
    • Homozygous recessive (aa): Two identical recessive alleles
    • Heterozygous (Aa): Two different alleles
    • Phenotype: Observable characteristics of an organism
    • Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism
    • Dominant allele: Influences the appearance of the phenotype in the presence of another allele.
    • Recessive allele: Only influences the appearance of the phenotype when present with an identical partner allele.
    • Co-dominance: Two or more alleles do not show complete dominance or recessiveness
    • Hybrids: Offspring of crosses between genetically unlike parents
    • Pureline/Strain/Breed: Individuals with similar genetic backgrounds
    • First Filial (F1) generation: Generation produced by crossing homozygous parental stocks
    • Second Filial (F2) generation: Generation produced by crossing two (F1) organisms
    • Lethal alleles: Lead to death when the gene is expressed in the phenotype
    • Multiple alleles: A single characteristic that appears in several forms controlled by three or more alleles
    • Locus: The location of a gene on a chromosome

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Genetics Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of genetics, including key concepts like haploid and diploid cells, genes, and chromosomal structures. This quiz will also cover the principles of segregation and independent assortment, vital for understanding inheritance patterns. Test your knowledge on these essential topics in genetics!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser